Some compositional characteristics of capers { Capparis spp , ) seed and oil

Se han evaluado semillas Capparis spinosa L. var. spinosa y Capparis ovata Desf. var. canescens por peso, tamaño, humedad, ceniza, proteína cruda, aceite crudo, energía y fibra cruda. Se determinaron en los aceites la densidad relativa, índice de refracción, ácidos grasos libres, índice de peróxido, índice de iodo, índice de saponificación, insaponificables y cera. Los principales ácidos grasos identificados por cromatografía gaseosa fueron los ácidos palmítico, oleíco y linoleíco. Las semillas fueron ricas en proteínas, aceite y fibra y mostraron composiciones similares entre ellas con un alto contenido en ácidos grasos insaturados, sugiriendo que pueden ser utilizadas para usos alimentarios.

Nosti Vega and Castro Ramos 1987;Ahmad et al., 1989;Alvarruiz et al., 1990;Barbera 1991 ;Brevard étal., 1992;Rodrigo et al., 1992;Ozcan and Akgül 1995;Ozcan 1996), medical properties (Hegi 1982;Chiej 1982;Singh étal., 1983;Al-Saidefa/., 1988;Shah et al., 1989;Tanira et al., 1989;Vena et al., 1990;Angelini et al., 1991).Some researchs on fruit were randomized, too (Khurdiya and Kumar 1969a;Khurdiya and Kumar 1969b;Sushila 1987;Sánchez et al., 1992).Publications connected with composition and oil of seed had been limited (Gupta and Ghakrabarty 1964)].Gupta and Chakrabarty (1964) determined that seeds had contained approximately 30% oil and oleic, palmitic and linoleic as main fatty acids, respectively.Zhong et al., (1989) pointed out that the seed of C.masaikaigrown in Chine had been used as both medicinal and chew for contained sweet protein-with probably a decrease at the raw material production like sunflower and cotton seed.Edible oil production in Turkey is continuously under the risk.Much raw oil import for along time is confirm this anxiety.Whereas, Turkey has climate and soil conditions that conformable several oil seed product.The product various is need to prevent fluctuates could be arise on edible oil production.
The aim of the present study was to investigate for composition and fatty acids, and their raw material properties as new and different a food material the two different capers seeds.

INTRODUCTION
At various regions of the world, different organs of capers species are profited for several purposes.Young shoot, flower bud, fruit and seed is used for nutrition.
Methods: Physical and chemical properties of seed and oil obtained via extraction process (Dogan and Basoglu 1985) were analyzed according to AOAC (1984).Fatty acids were derivatized by using the boronitrifluoride method as described by Hisil (1988).
Work conditions of gas chromatography:

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Commercial mixtures of fatty acid methyl esters were used as reference data for the relative retention times (Anonymous 1990).The results are mean values of two replicates.

Physical and chemical properties of capers seed
Analysis results of seeds are given in Table I.Seeds are rich due to protein, oil and fiber.C. ovata seeds are smaller, but because of composition is similar to that of C. spinosa.Gupta and Chakrabarty (1964) had established that the seeds of different a capers species grown in India contained 30% oil.

Physical and chemical properties of capers seed oil
Their physical and chemical properties of seed oil are in Table II.Properties of oils, except for peroxide value, is partly different.While oil colour of C. spinosa is yellowness-red, C. ovata is yellowness-dark red.It was thought that the relative density of both oils had high due to raw and more pureless.Also, more unsaturated fatty acids were pointed out that iodine value of C. spinosa was high.Literary values connected with physical and chemical properties of capers seed oils had not been found.

Fatty acids compositions of capers seed oil
Results are given in Table III.Important fatty acids are palmitic, oleic and linoleic.Capric, lauric, myristic, arachidic, gadoleic, behenic and lignoceric acids are also trace amounts.Fatty acid that the most determined in both species was oleic.Saturated fatty acids (mainly palmitic and stearic) were approximately 15% of total fatty acids.Gupta and Chakrabarty (1964)

CONCLUSIONS
Seed composition, physical and chemical properties of oil and fatty acid composition of capers species have been obtained.Protein and oil-rich seeds can be utilized in several forms for food and feed.Oils had a high content of oleic and linoleic and they had a healthy composition for nutrition.By cultivation and breeding of capers plants regularly, a more productive and quality raw matter would be obtained.

Table I Physical and chemical properties of capers seed*
pointed out that mainly fatty acids of capers seed oil were 21% palmitic, 57% oleic and 11% linoleic.According to this, except for linoleic acid, our results are lower than literary values.Fatty acid composition of vegetable oils are affected by species, variety, breed, growth conditions, harvest and postharvest (liisulu 1973).