Catalyst-free production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from macauba pulp oil

C.  Silva; T.A.S.  Colonelli; C.P.  Trentini; N.  Postaue; D.A.  Zempulski; L.  Cardozo-Filho; E.A.  Silva

doi:10.3989/gya.0103201

Authors

C. Silva aDepartamento de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) - Departmento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, (UEM) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7989-7046
T.A.S. Colonelli Centro de Engenharias e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8818-1349
C.P. Trentini Departmento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, (UEM) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3650-7693
N. Postaue Departmento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, (UEM) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1371-4355
D.A. Zempulski Departmento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, (UEM) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7244-8048
L. Cardozo-Filho Departmento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, (UEM) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1764-9979
E.A. Silva Centro de Engenharias e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3978-5346

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0103201

Keywords:

Acrocomia aculeate, Catalyst-free, Continuous, Ethanol

Abstract

In this study, the production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from macauba pulp oil and pressurized ethanol was investigated. The experiments were conducted without the addition of catalyst, at 20 MPa, to determine the effect of temperature (200 to 300 °C) and the oil to ethanol mass ratio (1:1 and 1:2) on the FAEE content and different residence times (10 to 45 min). The effect of the addition of n-hexane to the oil (20 wt%) as a co-solvent was also evaluated. The use of high temperatures (275 and 300 °C) resulted in high FAEE content (∼90%). Increasing the amount of ethanol in the reaction medium contributed to the formation of esters only at operating temperatures of 200 to 250 °C. It was also observed that with the addition of co-solvent (in the oil) it was possible to obtain high amounts of FAEE in a shorter reaction time. In addition, a low content of unreacted compounds (∼8.0%) and the conversion of ∼90 and 99% of the free fatty acids and triglycerides were observed, respectively.

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