Effects of virgin olive oil phenolic compounds on health: solid evidence or just another fiasco?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0217201Keywords:
Evidence, Health, Hydroxytyrosol, Oleocanthal, Phenolic Compounds, Virgin Olive OilAbstract
Current research suggests that virgin olive oil (VOO) phenolics are potent preventive and therapeutic agents against metabolic diseases associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. Evidence-based medicine requires these effects be proved in randomized controlled trials (RCT), which are then assessed in meta-analyses, to ensure that the alleged health benefits really proceed in humans. The available evidence is limited to the ability of VOO phenolic compounds to protect lipoproteins from oxidation and to reduce systolic pressure in hypertensive individuals. No RCT assessing the effects of VOO phenolics on diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases have been performed, and those focused on osteoarthritis and cancer provided very scarce information. Therefore, RCT in extensive and diverse population groups, with different disorders and phenolic doses adjusted to usual VOO consumptions are necessary to achieve high quality scientific evidence before nutritional recommendations can be given to the general public.
Downloads
References
Arsenault BJ, Bourgeois R, Mathieu P. 2017. Do oxidized lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases? Can. J. Cardiol. 33 (12), 1513-1516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2017.09.016 PMid:29100654
Bahramsoltani R, Ebrahimi F, Farzaei MH, Baratpourmoghaddam A, Ahmadi P, Rostamiasrabadi P, Rasouli Amirabadi AH, Rahimi R. 2019. Dietary polyphenols for atherosclerosis: A comprehensive review and future perspectives. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 59 (1), 114-132. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2017.1360244 PMid:28812379
Batarseh YS, Mohamed LA, Al Rihani SB, Mousa YM, Siddique AB, El Sayed KA, Kaddoumi A. 2017. Oleocanthal ameliorates amyloid-β oligomers' toxicity on astrocytes and neuronal cells: In vitro studies. Neuroscience 352, 204-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.059 PMid:28392295 PMCid:PMC5504696
Beauchamp GK, Keast RS, Morel D, Lin J, Pika J, Han Q, Lee CH, Smith AB, Breslin PA. 2005. Phytochemistry: ibuprofen-like activity in extra-virgin olive oil. Nature 437, 45-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/437045a PMid:16136122
Blázquez E, Velázquez E, Hurtado-Carneiro V, Ruiz-Albusac JM. 2014. Insulin in the brain: its pathophysiological implications for states related with central insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Frontiers Endocrinol. 5, 161. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2014.00161 PMid:25346723 PMCid:PMC4191295
Bogani P, Galli C, Villa M, Visioli F. 2007. Postprandial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of extra virgin olive oil. Atherosclerosis 190 (1), 181-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.01.011 PMid:16488419
Catalán Ú, López de Las Hazas MC, Rubió L, Fernández-Castillejo S, Pedret A, de la Torre R, Motilva MJ, Solà R. 2015. Protective effect of hydroxytyrosol and its predominant plasmatic human metabolites against endothelial dysfunction in human aortic endothelial cells. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 59, 2523-2536. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201500361 PMid:26390376
Chiva-Blanch G, Badimon L. 2017. Effects of Polyphenol Intake on Metabolic Syndrome: Current Evidences from Human Trials. Oxid. Med. Cell Longev. 2017, 5812401. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5812401 PMid:28894509 PMCid:PMC5574312
Covas M-I, de la Torre R, Fitó M. 2015. Virgin olive oil: a key food for cardiovascular risk protection. Br. J. Nutr. 113, S19 - S28. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515000136 PMid:26148918
Covas MI, Nyyssonen K, Poulsen HE, Kaikkonen J, Zunft HJ, Kiesewetter H, Gaddi A, de la Torre R, Mursu J, Baumler H, Nascetti S, Salonen JT, Fito M, Virtanen J, Marrugat J, 2006. The effect of polyphenols in olive oil on heart disease risk factors: a randomized trial. Ann. Intern. Med. 145 (5), 333-341. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-5-200609050-00006 PMid:16954359
D'Amore S, Vacca M, Cariello M, Graziano G, D'Orazio A, Salvia R, Sasso RC, Sabbà C, Palasciano G, Moschetta A. 2016. Genes and miRNA expression signatures in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in healthy subjects and patients with metabolic syndrome after acute intake of extra virgin olive oil. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1861 (11), 1671-1680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.07.003 PMid:27422371
Domínguez-Perles R, Auñón D, Ferreres F, Gil- Izquierdo A. 2017. Gender differences in plasma and urine metabolites from Sprague-Dawley rats after oral administration of normal and high doses of hydroxytyrosol, hydroxytyrosol acetate, and DOPAC. Eur. J. Nutr. 56 (1), 215-224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-1071-2 PMid:26463517
EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA). 2011. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to olive oil and maintenance of normal blood LDL-cholesterol concentrations (ID1316, 1332), maintenance of normal (fasting) blood concentrations of triglycerides (ID 1316, 1332), maintenance of normal blood HDL-cholesterol concentrations (ID 1316, 1332) and maintenance of normal blood glucose concentrations (ID 4244) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA J. 9, 2044. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2044
Fabiani R. 2016. Anti-cancer properties of olive oil secoiridoid phenols: a systematic review of in vivo studies. Food Funct. 7 (10), 4145-4159. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6FO00958A PMid:27713961
Fitó M, Covas MI, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Vila J, Torrents L, de la Torre C, Marrugat J. 2000. Protective effect of olive oil and its phenolic compounds against low density lipoprotein oxidation. Lipids 35 (6),633-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-000-0567-1 PMid:10901425
Guallar E, Stranges S, Mulrow C, Appel LJ, Miller ER 3rd. 2013. Enough is enough: Stop wasting money on vitamin and mineral supplements. Ann. Intern. Med. 159 (12), 850-851. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-12-201312170-00011 PMid:24490268
Hillestrøm PR, Covas MI, Poulsen HE. 2006. Effect of dietary virgin olive oil on urinary excretion of etheno-DNA adducts. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 41 (7),1133-1138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.06.013 PMid:16962938
Hohmann CD, Cramer H, Michalsen A, Kessler C, Steckhan N, Choi K, Dobos G. 2015. Effects of high phenolic olive oil on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytomedicine 22 (6), 631-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2015.03.019 PMid:26055128
Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, Jenkinson C, Reynolds DJ, Gavaghan DJ, McQuay HJ. 1996. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin. Trials 17 (1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(95)00134-4
Kulas JA, Weigel TK, Ferris HA. 2020. Insulin resistance and impaired lipid metabolism as a potential link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Drug Dev. Res. 81 (2), 194-205. https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.21643 PMid:32022298 PMCid:PMC7976446
Leszek J, Trypka E, Tarasov VV, Ashraf GM, Aliev G. 2017. Type 3 Diabetes Mellitus: A Novel Implication of Alzheimers Disease. Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 17 (12), 1331-1335. https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026617666170103163403 PMid:28049395
Luccarini I, Grossi C, Rigacci S, Coppi E, Pugliese AM, Pantano D, la Marca G, Ed Dami T, Berti A, Stefani M, Casamenti F. 2015. Oleuropein aglycone protects against pyroglutamylated-3 amyloid-ß toxicity: biochemical, epigenetic and functional correlates. Neurobiol. Aging. 36 (2), 648-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.08.029 PMid:25293421
Machowetz A, Poulsen HE, Gruendel S, Weimann A, Fitó M, Marrugat J, de la Torre R, Salonen JT, Nyyssönen K, Mursu J, Nascetti S, Gaddi A, Kiesewetter H, Bäumler H, Selmi H, Kaikkonen J, Zunft HJ, Covas MI, Koebnick C. 2007. Effect of olive oils on biomarkers of oxidative DNA stress in Northern and Southern Europeans. FASEB J. 21 (1), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.06-6328com PMid:17110467
Monte SM de la, Wands JR. 2008. Alzheimer's Disease Is Type 3 Diabetes-Evidence Reviewed. J. Diabetes Sci. Technol. 2, 1101-1113. https://doi.org/10.1177/193229680800200619 PMid:19885299 PMCid:PMC2769828
Moreno-Luna R, Muñoz-Hernandez R, Miranda ML, Costa AF, Jimenez-Jimenez L, Vallejo-Vaz AJ, Muriana FJ, Villar J, Stiefel P. 2012. Olive oil polyphenols decrease blood pressure and improve endothelial function in young women with mild hypertension. Am. J. Hypertens. 25 (12), 1299-1304. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajh.2012.128 PMid:22914255
Oliveras-López M-J, Berná G, Jurado-Ruiz E, López-García de la Serrana H, Martín F. 2014. Consumption of extra-virgin olive oil rich in phenolic compounds has beneficial antioxidant effects in healthy human adults. J. Func. Foods 10, 475-484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2014.07.013
Pantano D, Luccarini I, Nardiello P, Servili M, Stefani M, Casamenti F. 2017. Oleuropein aglycone and polyphenols from olive mill waste water ameliorate cognitive deficits and neuropathology. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 83 (1), 54-62. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12993 PMid:27131215 PMCid:PMC5338135
Parkinson L, Cicerale S. 2016. The Health Benefiting Mechanisms of Virgin Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds. Molecules 16, E1734. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21121734 PMid:27999296 PMCid:PMC6273500
Peng Y, Hou C, Yang Z, Li C, Jia L, Liu J, Tang Y, Shi L, Li Y, Long J, Liu J. 2016. Hydroxytyrosol mildly improve cognitive function independent of APP processing in APP/PS1 mice. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 60 (11), 2331-2342. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201600332 PMid:27287957
Pourkhodadad S, Alirezaei M, Moghaddasi M, Ahmadvand H, Karami M, Delfan B, Khanipour Z. 2016. Neuroprotective effects of oleuropein against cognitive dysfunction induced by colchicine in hippocampal CA1 area in rats. J. Physiol Sci. 66 (5), 397-405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12576-016-0437-4 PMid:26892487
Puerta R de la, Ruiz Gutierrez V, Hoult JR. 1999. Inhibition of leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase by phenolics from virgin olive oil. Biochem. Pharmacol. 57 (4), 445-449. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(98)00320-7
Qosa H, Batarseh YS, Mohyeldin MM, El Sayed KA, Keller JN, Kaddoumi A. 2015. Oleocanthal enhances amyloid-β clearance from the brains of TgSwDI mice and in vitro across a human blood-brain barrier model. ACS Chem. Neurosci. 6 (11), 1849-59. https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00190 PMid:26348065 PMCid:PMC4653763
Romeu M, Rubió L, Sánchez-Martos V, Castañer O, de la Torre R, Valls RM, Ras R, Pedret A, Catalán Ú, López de las Hazas M del C, Motilva MJ, Fitó M, Solà R, Giralt M. 2016. Virgin Olive Oil Enriched with Its Own Phenols or Complemented with Thyme Phenols Improves DNA Protection against Oxidation and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Hyperlipidemic Subjects. J. Agric. Food Chem. 64 (9), 1879-88. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04915 PMid:26889783
Rosales-Corral S, Tan DX, Manchester L, Reiter RJ. 2015. Diabetes and Alzheimer disease, two overlapping pathologies with the same background: oxidative stress. Oxid. Med. Cell Longev. 2015, 985845. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/985845 PMid:25815110 PMCid:PMC4357132
Rubió L, Valls RM, Macià A, Pedret A, Giralt M, Romero MP, de la Torre R, Covas MI, Solà R, Motilva MJ. 2012. Impact of olive oil phenolic concentration on human plasmatic phenolic metabolites. Food Chem. 135 (4), 2922-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.085 PMid:22980891
Saibandith B, Spencer JPE, Rowland IR, Commane DM. 2017. Olive Polyphenols and the Metabolic Syndrome. Molecules 29, 22 (7). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22071082 PMid:28661446 PMCid:PMC6152042
Schwingshackl L, Krause M, Schmucker C, Hoffmann G, Rücker G, Meerpohl JJ. 2019. Impact of different types of olive oil on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 29 (10), 1030-1039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2019.07.001 PMid:31378629
Scimemi A, Meabon JS, Woltjer RL, Sullivan JM, Diamond JS, Cook DG. 2013. Amyloid-β1-42 slows clearance of synaptically released glutamate by mislocalizing astrocytic GLT-1. J. Neurosci. 33 (12), 5312-8. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5274-12.2013 PMid:23516295 PMCid:PMC3866500
Servili M, Esposto S, Fabiani R, Urbani S, Taticchi A, Mariucci F, Selvaggini R, Montedoro GF. 2009. Phenolic compounds in olive oil: Antioxidant, health and organoleptic activities according to their chemical structure. Inflammopharmacol. 17, 76-84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-008-8014-y PMid:19234678
Sesso HD, Buring JE, Christen WG, Kurth T, Belanger C, MacFadyen J, Bubes V, Manson JE, Glynn RJ, Gaziano JM. 2008. Vitamins E and C in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in men: The Physicians' Health Study II randomized controlled trial. JAMA 300 (18), 2123-2133. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2008.600 PMid:18997197 PMCid:PMC2586922
Shin JA, Lee JH, Lim SY, Ha HS, Kwon HS, Park YM, Lee WC, Kang MI, Yim HW, Yoon KH, Son HY. 2013. Metabolic syndrome as a predictor of type 2 diabetes, and its clinical interpretations and usefulness. J. Diabetes Investig. 4 (4), 334- 43. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12075 PMid:24843675 PMCid:PMC4020225
Summerhill VI, Grechko AV, Yet SF, Sobenin IA, Orekhov AN. 2019. The atherogenic role of circulating modified lipids in atherosclerosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 20, 20 (14), E3561. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20143561 PMid:31330845 PMCid:PMC6678182
Takeda R, Koike T, Taniguchi I, Tanaka K. 2013. Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of hydroxytyrosol of Olea europaea on pain in gonarthrosis. Phytomedicine 20 (10), 861-864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2013.03.021 PMid:23746949
Tang PC, Ng YF, Ho S, Gyda M, Chan SW. 2014. Resveratrol and cardiovascular health-promising therapeutic or hopeless illusion? Pharmacol. Res. 90, 88-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2014.08.001 PMid:25151891
Torre R de la. 2008. Bioavailability of olive oil phenolic compounds in humans. Inflammopharmacol. 16 (5), 245-247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-008-8029-4 PMid:18815736
Venturini D, Simão AN, Urbano MR, Dichi I. 2015. Effects of extra virgin olive oil and fish oil on lipid profile and oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome. Nutrition 31 (6), 834-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2014.12.016 PMid:25933490
Visioli F, Bellomo G, Galli C. 1998. Free radical-scavenging properties of olive oil polyphenols. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 247, 60-64. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1998.8735 PMid:9636654
Visioli F, Caruso D, Grande S, Bosisio R, Villa M, Galli G, Sirtori C, Galli C. 2005. Virgin Olive Oil Study (VOLOS): vasoprotective potential of extra virgin olive oil in mildly dyslipidemic patients. Eur. J. Nutr. 44 (2), 121-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-004-0504-0 PMid:15309433
Visioli F. 2014. The resveratrol fiasco. Pharmacol. Res. 90, 87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2014.08.003 PMid:25180457
Visioli F, Davalos A, López de Las Hazas MC, Crespo MC, Tomé-Carneiro J. 2020. An overview of the pharmacology of olive oil and its active ingredients. Br. J. Pharmacol. 177 (6), 1316- 1330. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.14782 PMid:31270815 PMCid:PMC7056466
Weinbrenner T, Fitó M, de la Torre R, Saez GT, Rijken P, Tormos C, Coolen S, Albaladejo MF, Abanades S, Schroder H, Marrugat J, Covas MI. 2004. Olive oils high in phenolic compounds modulate oxidative/antioxidative status in men. J. Nutr. 134 (9), 2314-2321. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/134.9.2314 PMid:15333722
Woolf SH, Battista RN, Anderson GM, Logan AG, Wang E. 1990. Assessing the clinical effectiveness of preventive maneuvers: analytic principles and systematic methods in reviewing evidence and developing clinical practice recommendations. A report by the Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 43, 891-905. https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-4356(90)90073-X
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.
