Seasonal changes in the fatty acid profiles of widely-consumed fish species from the Mesopotamian River Basin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0426251.2308Keywords:
Dicle Dam Lake, Freshwater fish, Polyunsaturated fatty acids, Total lipidAbstract
This study investigates seasonal variations in total lipid content and fatty acid composition of five fish species (Capoeta trutta, Capoeta umbla, Carasobarbus luteus, Carassius gibelio, and Cyprinus carpio) from Dicle Dam Lake, Diyarbakır, in the Mesopotamian River system. C. gibelio exhibited the highest total lipid values, with percentages of 7.57% in winter, 8.55% in summer, and 8.30% in autumn. In C. trutta, SSFA peaked in autumn (38.64%), mainly due to C16:0 (27.08%), and SPUFA was the highest in winter (38.31%), with major contributors being EPA (12.21%) and C18:2ω6 (10.85%). C. umbla had peak SSFA in autumn (31.27%) and SPUFA in winter (43.06%), driven by C18:2ω6 (19.14%) and EPA (9.27%). Both C. trutta and C. umbla had maximum SMUFA in summer, mainly from C18:1ω9. C. luteus showed high SPUFA in autumn (48.88%) and summer (48.30%), with DHA C22:6ω3 reaching 16.69% in summer. C. gibelio had peak SPUFA in winter (49.89%) and summer (49.33%). C. umbla had the highest Sω3/Sω6 ratio in spring (2.04). Seasonal variations in fatty acid composition reflect the dynamic lipid profiles of these commercially important fish, offering insights into their nutritional quality and guiding seasonal dietary recommendations.
Downloads
References
Aras NM. 2003. Comparison of fatty acid profiles of different tissues of mature Trout (Salmo trutta labrax, Pallas, 1811) caught from Kazandere Creek in the Çoruh Region, Erzurum, Turkey. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 27, 311-316.
Balıkçı E. 2021. Seasonal variations in fatty acid and nutritional composition of Sand Smelt (Atherina boyeri) caught from Cekerek Dam (Yozgat, Turkey). Acta Aquat. Turc. 17 (3), 409-420. https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.868642
Bayar İ, İnci̇ A, Ünübol Aypak S, Bi̇ldi̇k A. 2021. Investigation of total fatty acid compositions in the muscle tissues of the two freshwater fish species living in the Big Menderes River (Aydın). Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Univ. J. Agric. Natur. 24 (2), 260-266. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.723089
Bligh EG., Dyer WJ. 1959. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol, 37, 911-917. https://doi.org/10.1139/o59-099 PMid:13671378
Cakmak YS, Zengin G, Guler GO, Aktumsek A, Ozparlak H. 2012. Fatty acid composition and Ω3/Ω6 ratios of the muscle lipids of six fish species in Sugla Lake, Turkey. Arch. Biol. Sci. Belgrade 64 (2), 471-477. https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS1202471C
Çelebi Ş, Kaya H, Kaya A. 2017. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on human health. Alınteri J. Agric. Sci. 32(2), 105-112. https://doi.org/10.28955/alinterizbd.319437
Çelik M, Diler A, Kücükgülmez A. 2005. A comparison of the proximate compositions and fatty acid profiles of zander (Sander lucioperca) from two different regions and climatic conditions. Food Chem. 92 (4), 637-641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.08.026
Cengi̇z Eİ, Ünlü E, Başhan M. 2010. Fatty acid composition of total lipids in muscle tissues of nine freshwater fish from the River Tigris (Turkey). Turk. J. Biol. 34, 433-438. https://doi.org/10.3906/biy-0903-19
Citil OB, Kalyoncu L, Kahraman O. 2014. Fatty acid composition of the muscle lipids of five fish species in Işıklı and Karacaören Dam Lake, Turkey. Vet. Med. Int. 2014, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/936091 PMid:25143856 PMCid:PMC4131119
Donmez M. 2009. Determination of fatty acid compositions and cholesterol levels of some freshwater fish living in Porsuk Dam, Turkey. Chem. Nat. Compd. 45 (1), 14-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-009-9219-z
Ekin İ. 2023. Nutritional quality, proximate and fatty acid compositions of commercially important fish from different rivers in SE Türkiye: A comparative research. Aquat. Sci. Eng. 38 (3), 168-179. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20231260198
Emre N, Uysal K, Kavasoğlu M, Emre Y, Yalım B, Pak F. 2020. Seasonal variations of the fatty acid profiles in the edible portions of two freshwater fish species (Pseudophoxinus fahrettini and Capoeta mauricii). Iran. J. Fish. Sci. 19 (2), 602-611.
Fatma S, Ahmed I. 2020. Effect of water temperature on protein requirement of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) fry as determined by nutrient deposition, hemato‐biochemical parameters and stress resistance response. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 23(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41240-020-0147-y
Fernandes T, McMeans B. 2019. Coping with the cold: Energy storage strategies for surviving winter in freshwater fish. Ecography 42, 2037-2051. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.04386
Guler GO, Kiztanir B, Aktumsek A, Citil OB, Ozparlak H. 2008. Determination of the seasonal changes on total fatty acid composition and ω3/ω6 ratios of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) muscle lipids in Beysehir Lake (Turkey). Food Chem. 108 (2), 689-694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.10.080 PMid:26059149
Haliloǧlu Hİ, Bayır A, Necdet Sirkecioǧlu A, Mevlüt Aras N, Atamanalp M. 2004. Comparison of fatty acid composition in some tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) living in seawater and freshwater. Food Chem. 86 (1), 55-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.08.028
Kaçar S, Başhan M. 2016. Comparison of lipid contents and fatty acid profiles of freshwater fish from the Atatürk Dam Lake. Turk. J. Biochem. 41 (3), 150-156. https://doi.org/10.1515/tjb-2016-0025
Kaçar S, Başhan M, Oymak SA. 2018. Effect of season on the fatty acid profile of total lipids, phospholipids and triacylglycerols in Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Atatürk Dam Lake, Turkey). Grasas Aceites 69 (1), e242. https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.1108172
Kaçar S, Kayhan Kaya H, Başhan M. 2023. Seasonal effect on fatty acid composition in phospholipid classes and triacylglycerols of male Capoeta umbla. Grasas Aceites 74 (3), e521. https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0452221
Linhartova Z, Krejsa J, Zajic T, Másílko J, Sampels S, Mraz J. 2018. Proximate and fatty acid composition of 13 important freshwater fish species in central Europe. Aquacult. Int. 26, 695-711. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-018-0243-5
Ljubojevic D, Trbovic D, Lujic J, Bjelic-Cabrilo O, Kostic D, Novakov N, Cirkovic M. 2013. Fatty acid composition of fishes from Inland Waters. Bulgarian J. Agric. Sci. 19 (1), 62-71.
Łuczyńska J, Paszczyk B, Łuczyński MJ. 2014. Fatty acid profiles in marine and freshwater fish from fish markets in northeastern Poland. Arch. Pol. Fish. 22 (3), 181-188. https://doi.org/10.2478/aopf-2014-0018
Memon NN, Talpur FN, Bhanger MI. 2010. A comparison of proximate composition and fatty acid profile of Indus River fish species. Int. J. Food Prop. 13 (2), 328-337. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942910802398479
Norrbin F, Olsen R, Tande K. 1990. Seasonal variation in lipid class and fatty acid composition of two small copepods in Balsfjorden, Northern Norway. Mar. Biol. 105, 205-211. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01344288
Öksüz A, Di̇kmen M, Alkan ŞB, Yaylali O, Kaplan T, Demi̇rtaş S. 2019. Comparison of proximate and fatty acid compositions of carp and pike perch caught in Beyşehir Lake. Aquat. Res. 2 (4), 174-181. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR19016
Özogul Y, Özogul F, Alagoz S. 2007. Fatty acid profiles and fat contents of commercially important seawater and freshwater fish species of Turkey: A comparative study. Food Chem. 103 (1), 217-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.08.009
Satar Eİ, Uysal E, Ünlü E, Başhan M, Satar A. 2012. The effects of seasonal variation on the fatty acid composition of total lipid, phospholipid, and triacylglycerol in the dorsal muscle of Capoeta trutta found in the Tigris River (Turkey). Turk. J. Biol. 36, 113-123. https://doi.org/10.3906/biy-1008-81
Simopoulos AP. 2002. The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids. Biomed. Pharmacother. 56 (8), 365-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0753-3322(02)00253-6 PMid:12442909 PMCid:PMC13116257
Steffens W. 1997. Effects of variation in essential fatty acids in fish feeds on nutritive value of freshwater fish for humans. Aquaculture 151(1-4), 97-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01493-7
Tian JJ, Lei CX, Ji H. 2016. Influence of dietary linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) ratio on fatty acid composition of different tissues in freshwater fish Songpu mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio. Aquacult. Res. 47, 3811-3825. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12832
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the print and online versions of this journal are the property of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. You may read the basic information and the legal text of the licence. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 licence must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the final version of the work produced by the publisher, is not allowed.
