Extraction of oil from pequi fruit (Caryocar Brasiliense, Camb.) using several solvents and their mixtures
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.091010Keywords:
Mixing rule, Pequi extract, Solid-liquid extractionAbstract
In this study, the oil extraction process from pequi pulp using different solvents (hexane, acetone and ethyl alcohol) and their mixtures was investigated, using a simplex-centroid design. The extraction occurred at 50°C, under stirring (22 Hz), for 16 hours. The solid-liquid ratio used was 1:10 (w/w). Higher yield values were obtained for extractions with acetone and hexane, especially their mixtures with ethanol. Iodine value, saponification value and refractive index did not differ significantly among the treatments. A higher acid value was obtained for the extraction with ethyl alcohol. Higher carotenoid contents were obtained for the extraction with acetone and ethyl alcohol as pure solvents. The fatty acid profile in the oil fraction of the extracts did not vary among the different types of solvents and their mixtures.
Downloads
References
Abdulkarim SM, Long K, Lai OM, Muhammad SKS, Ghazali HM. 2005. Some physico-chemical properties of Moringa oleifera seed oil extracted using solvent and aqueous enzymatic methods. Food Chemistry. 93, 253-263. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.09.023
Abu-Arabi MK, Allawzi MA, Al-Zoubi HS, Tamimi A. 2000. Extraction of jojoba oil by pressing and leaching. Chemical Engineering Journal. 76, 61-65. doi:10.1016/S1385-8947(99)00119-9
AOCS. 1997. Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil Chemists’ Society (5th ed.). Champaign, IL.
AOCS. 1994. American Oil Chemists’ Society. Official methods and recommended practices of the American Oil Chemists’ Society. Champaign, Illinois: American Oil Chemists’ Society, ed. D. Firestone.
Aquino LP, Corrêa JLG, Ferrua F Q, Borges SV. 2006. Influência dos métodos de secagem na extração do óleo de pequi e no teor de carotenóides. In: XXXII Congresso Brasileiro de Sistemas Particulados, 2006, Maringá. Anais, UEM. 1, 1-5.
Azevedo-Meleiro CH, Rodriguez-Amaya DB. 2004. Confirmation of the identify of the carotenoids of tropical fruits by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 17, 385-396. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2004.02.004
Chien JT, Hoff JE, Lee MJ, Lin HM, Chen YJ, Chen LF. 1990. Oil extraction of dried ground corn with ethanol. The Chemical Engineering Journal. 43, B103-B113. doi:10.1016/0300-9467(90)80017-7
Cornell JA. 2002. Experiments with mixtures: designs, models and the analysis of mixture data. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 3rd edition.
Davies BH. 1976. Carotenoids. In: Goodwin, T. W. (Ed.). Chemistry and biochemistry of plant pigment. London: Academic. v. 2, 38-165.
Delgado-Vargus F, Jimenez AR, Peredes-Lopez O. 2000. Natural pigments: carotenoids, anthocyanins and betalains: characteristics, biosynthesis, preparation and stability. CRC Crit. Rev. Food Science Nutr. 40, 173-289. doi:10.1080/10408690091189257 PMid:10850526
De Ritter E, Purcell AE. 1981. Carotenoid analytical methods. In: Carotenoids, as colorants and Vitamin A precursos. Edited by: J. C. Bauernfeind. New York: Academic. 815-882.
Dunford NT, Zhang M. 2003. Pressurized solvent extraction of wheat germ oil. Food Research International, 36, 905-909. doi:10.1016/S0963-9969(03)00099-1
Elleuch M, Besbes S, Roiseux O, Blecker C, Attia H. 2006. Quality characteristics of sesame seeds and by-products. Food Chemistry, 31, 115-124.
Facioli NL, Gonçalves AG. 1998. Modificação por via enzimática da composição triglicerídica do óleo de piqui (Caryocar brasiliense, Camb.). Química Nova, 21, 16-19. doi:10.1590/S0100-40421998000100003
Franco D, Sineiro J, Pinelo M, Núñez J. 2007. Ethanolic extraction of Rosa rubiginosa soluble substances: oil solublility equilibria and kinetic studies. Journal of Food Engineering, 79, 150-157. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.01.047
Freitas SP, Lago RCA. 2007. Equilibrium data for the extraction of coffee and Sunflower oils with ethanol. Brazilian Journal of Food Technology, 10, 220-224.
Garcia LMZ, de Oliveira TF, Soares PK, Bruns RE, Scarminio IS. 2010. Statistical mixture design - Principal component determination of synergic solvent interactions for natural product extractions Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 103, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.chemolab.2010.04.016
Hartman L, Lago RCA. 1973. Rapid preparation of fatty acid methyl esters from lipids. Lab. Pract., 22, 245.
Kim IH, Yonn SH. 1990. Effect of extraction solvents on oxidative stability of crude soybean oil. The Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 67, 165-167.
Lalas S, Tsaknis J. 2002. Characterization of Moringa oleifera Seed Oil Variety “Periyakulam 1” Journal of Composition and Analysis, 15, 65-77. doi:10.1006/jfca.2001.1042
Lima A, Silva AMO, Trindade RA, Pavan-Torres R, Mancini-Filho J. 2007. Composição química e compostos bioativos presentes na polpa e na amêndoa do pequi (Caryocar brasiliense, Camb.). Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 29, 695-698. doi:10.1590/S0100-29452007000300052
Mani S, Jaya S, Vadivambal R. 2007. Optimization of solvent extraction of moringa (Moringa oleifera) seed kernel oil using response surface methodology. Bioproducts Processing, 85, 328-335. doi:10.1205/fbp07075
Moreno AO., Dorantes L, Galindez J, Guzmán RL. 2003. Effect of different extraction methods on fatty acids, volatile compounds and physical and chemical properties of Avocado (Persea Americana Mill.) oil. Journal Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, 2216-2221. doi:10.1021/jf0207934 PMid:12670159
Sachindra NM, Bhaskar N, Mahendrakar NS. 2005. Recovery of carotenoids from shrimp waste in organic solvents. Waste Management, 1, 24-30.
Silva EC, Soares IC, Helou JH. 1993. Formulações emulsivas contendo óleo de “piqui” (Caryocar brasiliense, Camb.). Cosmetics And Toiletries, 5, 31. StatSoft Inc (1999) Statistica for windows. 2300. Software.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2011 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.