Optimization of bleaching conditions for palm oil refining to reduce glycidyl esters and improve quality using response surface methodology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0755241.2205Keywords:
Bleaching, Glycidyl Esters, Palm oil, Red Color, Response Surface OptimizationAbstract
The impact of bleaching earth content, temperature, and duration on palm oil quality and glycidyl esters was studied using a central composite design at a pilot scale. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the bleaching process. The primary goal was to decrease the red color and peroxide value (PV) in order to align with industry interests, and optimization was focused on low glycidyl esters (GE) and trans-fatty acid (trans-FA) content levels. Several quality parameters, such as red color, free fatty acids (FFA), PV, p-anisidine value (AnV), TOTOX value, solid fat content (SFC), and fatty acid composition were monitored. Under optimal conditions, the predicted values for red color, PV, GE content, unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), and total trans-FA content were 2.4, 0.23 meq O2/kg oil, 0.50 mg/kg, 49.88%, and 0.11%, respectively. Verification showed minimal variations from predictions, indicating a robust optimization model. The bleaching process demonstrated substantial effectiveness, particularly in removing GE, thus enhancing palm oil refining outcomes.
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