Optimización de las condiciones de blanqueo para la refinación de aceite de palma para reducir los ésteres glicidílicos y mejorar la calidad utilizando la metodología de superficie de respuesta

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0755241.2205

Palabras clave:

Aceite de palma, Blanqueo, Colorante rojo, Ésteres de glicidilo, Optimización de la superficie de respuesta

Resumen


Se estudió el impacto del contenido de tierra decolorante, la temperatura y la duración en la calidad del aceite de palma y los ésteres glicidílicos mediante un diseño compuesto central a escala piloto. Se empleó la Metodología de Superficie de Respuesta (MSR) para optimizar el proceso de blanqueo. El objetivo principal fue reducir el color rojo y el índice de peróxidos (IP) para alinearse con los intereses de la industria, y la optimización se centró en obtener niveles bajos de ésteres glicidílicos (GE) y ácidos grasos trans (AG-trans). Se monitorearon diversos parámetros de calidad, como el color rojo, los ácidos grasos libres (AGL), el IP, el índice de p-anisidina (AnV), el índice de TOTOX, el contenido de grasa sólida (SFC) y la composición de ácidos grasos. En condiciones óptimas, los valores predichos para el color rojo, el IP, el contenido de GE, los ácidos grasos insaturados (AGI) y el contenido total de AG-trans fueron 2,4, 0,23 meq O2/kg de aceite, 0,50 mg/kg, 49,88 % y 0,11 %, respectivamente. La verificación mostró variaciones mínimas con respecto a las predicciones, lo que indica un modelo de optimización robusto. El proceso de blanqueo demostró una eficacia considerable, especialmente en la eliminación de GE, lo que mejoró los resultados del refinado de aceite de palma.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Abedi E, Sahari MA, Barzegar M, Azizi MH. 2015. Optimisation of soya bean oil bleaching by ultrasonic processing and investigate the physico-chemical properties of bleached soya bean oil. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 50, 857-863. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.12689

AOCS. 2009. Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the AOCS 7th Edition. Mehlenbacher VC, (Ed.), AOCS Press, Champaign, Illinois.

Balasubramani P, Palaniswamy PT, Visvanathan R, Thirupathi V, Subbarayan A, Prakash Maran J. 2015.

Microencapsulation of garlic oleoresin using maltodextrin as wall material by spray drying technology. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 72, 210-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.08.011 PMid:25158290

Cheng W, Liu G, Wang L, Liu Z. 2017. Glycidyl Fatty Acid Esters in Refined Edible Oils : A Review on Formation , Occurrence , Analysis , and Elimination Methods. Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf. 16, 263-281. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12251 PMid:33371535

Deshmukh RK, Naik JB. 2015. Optimization of sustained release aceclofenac microspheres using response surface methodology. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. 48, 197-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.008 PMid:25579914

EFSA CONTAM Panel. 2016. Scientific opinion on the risks for human health related to the presence of 3-and 2-monochloropropanediol (MCPD), and their fatty acid esters, and glycidyl fatty acid esters in food. EFSA J. 14, 1-159. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4426

PMCid:PMC7009698

European Commission. 2020. amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 as regards maximum levels of 3-monochloropropanediol (3-MCPD), 3-MCPD fatty acid esters and glycidyl fatty acid esters in certain foods. Off. J. Eur. Union, L310 p. 2-5.

Franke K, Strijowski U, Fleck G, Pudel F. 2009. Influence of chemical refining process and oil type on bound 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol contents in palm oil and rapeseed oil. LWT - Food Sci. Technol. 42, 1751-1754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2009.05.021

Gibon V, De Greyt W, Kellens M. 2007. Palm oil refining. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 109, 315-335. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200600307

De Greyt WFJ. 2012. Current and future technologies for the sustainable and cost-efficient production of high quality food oils. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 114, 1126-1139. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201200068

Hénon G, Kemény Z, Recseg K, Zwobada F, Kovari K. 1999. Deodorization of vegetable oils. Part I: Modelling the geometrical isomerization of polyunsaturated fatty acids. JAOCS, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 76, 73-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-999-0050-2

Hew KS, Asis AJ, Tan TB, Yusoff MM, Lai OM, Nehdi IA, Tan CP. 2020. Revising degumming and bleaching processes of palm oil refining for the mitigation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) contents in refined palm oil. Food Chem. 307, 125545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125545 PMid:31654951

Hew KS, Khor YP, Tan TB, Yusoff MM, Lai OM, Asis AJ, Alharthi FA, Nehdi IA, Tan CP. 2021. Mitigation of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters and glycidyl esters in refined palm oil: A new and optimized approach. LWT 139, 110612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110612

Hrastar R, Cheong LZ, Xu X, Miller RL, Košir IJ. 2011. Camelina sativa oil deodorization: Balance between free fatty acids and color reduction and isomerized byproducts formation. JAOCS, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 88, 581-588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-010-1692-9

Kiritsakis A, Shahidi F. 2017. Olives and Olive Oil as Functional Foods First Edit. Kiritsakis A, Shahidi F, (Ed.), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119135340

Kreps F, Vrbiková L, Schmidt Š. 2014. Influence of industrial physical refining on tocopherol, chlorophyll and beta-carotene content in sunflower and rapeseed oil. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 116, 1572-1582. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201300460

MPOB. 2016. Pocket Book of Palm Oil Uses Vol 1: Food Applications 1st Ed., Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Selangor.

Myers R, Montgomery D, Anderson-Cook C. 2011. Response surface methodology: process and product optimization using designed experiments 3rd Ed., Wiley, New York.

Oey SB, van der Fels-Klerx HJ, Fogliano V, van Leeuwen SPJ. 2020. Effective physical refining for the mitigation of processing contaminants in palm oil at pilot scale. Food Res. Int. 138, 109748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109748 PMid:33292933

Ortega-García J, Gámez-Meza N, Noriega-Rodriguez JA, Dennis-Quiñonez O, García-Galindo HS, Angulo-Guerrero JO, Medina-Juárez LA. 2006. Refining of high oleic safflower oil: Effect on the sterols and tocopherols content. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 223, 775-779. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-006-0267-3

Özdikicierler O, Yemişçioğlu F, Saygın Gümüşkesen A. 2016. Effects of process parameters on 3-MCPD and glycidyl ester formation during steam distillation of olive oil and olive pomace oil. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 242, 805-813. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-015-2587-7

Ramli MR, Siew WL, Ibrahim NA, Hussein R, Kuntom A, Razak RAA, Nesaretnam K. 2011. Effects of degumming and bleaching on 3-MCPD esters formation during physical refining. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 88, 1839-1844. h https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-011-1858-0

Restiawaty E, Maulana A, Umi Culsum NT, Aslan C, Suendo V, Nishiyama N, Budhi YW. 2021. The removal of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol ester and glycidyl ester from refined-bleached and deodorized palm oil using activated carbon. RSC Adv. 11, 16500-16509. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA00704A PMid:35479163 PMCid:PMC9032058

El Riachy M, Hamade A, Ayoub R, Dandachi F, Chalak L. 2019. Oil content, fatty acid and phenolic profiles of some olive varieties growing in Lebanon. Front. Nutr. 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2019.00094 PMid:31334240 PMCid:PMC6621921

Shahidi F. 2020. Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products 7. Edition. Shahidi F, (Ed.), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.

Shimizu M, Moriwaki J, Shiiba D, Nohara H, Kudo N, Katsuragi Y. 2012. Elimination of glycidyl palmitate in diolein by treatment with activated bleaching earth. J. Oleo Sci. 61, 23-28. https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.61.23 PMid:22188803

Suliman TE, Meng Z, Li JW, Jiang J, Liu Y. 2013. Optimisation of sunflower oil deodorising: Balance between oil stability and other quality attributes. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 48, 1822-1827. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.12156

United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service. 2023. Oilseeds: World Markets and Trade,

Yoon SH. 2016. Optimization of the refining process and oxidative stability of chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.) oil for edible purposes. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 25, 85-90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-016-0012-z PMid:30263240 PMCid:PMC6049371

Zulkurnain M, Lai OM, Tan SC, Abdul Latip R, Tan CP. 2013. Optimization of palm oil physical refining process for reduction of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester formation. J. Agric. Food Chem. 61, 3341-3349. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf4009185 PMid:23464796

Descargas

Publicado

2025-10-30

Cómo citar

1.
Başaran F, Altuner F, Anuk Y, Özdikicierler O. Optimización de las condiciones de blanqueo para la refinación de aceite de palma para reducir los ésteres glicidílicos y mejorar la calidad utilizando la metodología de superficie de respuesta. Grasas aceites [Internet]. 30 de octubre de 2025 [citado 28 de julio de 2026];76(1):2205. Disponible en: https://grasasyaceites.revistas.csic.es/index.php/grasasyaceites/article/view/2205

Número

Sección

Investigación