Rendimiento agronómico, calidad del aceite y potencial para biodiésel de los genotipos de Cephalaria syriaca L. en Turquía

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.1074251.2367

Palabras clave:

Cephalaria syriaca, Contenido de aceite, Interacción genotipo × ambiente, Pelemir, Potencial para biodiésel, Rendimiento de semillas

Resumen


Turquía enfrenta un déficit creciente en aceites comestibles y materias primas para biodiésel, lo que resalta la necesidad urgente de cultivos oleaginosos alternativos adaptados a diversas condiciones ecológicas. Este estudio evaluó 17 genotipos prometedores y el cultivar registrado Karahan de Pelemir (Cephalaria syriaca L.) en tres localidades (Muş, Ankara y Bolu) durante las temporadas de cultivo 2022–2024. Se analizaron rasgos agronómicos, contenido de aceite y proteína, composición de ácidos grasos y propiedades seleccionadas de biodiésel. El rendimiento de semilla osciló entre 78 y 412 kg·da⁻¹, el contenido de aceite entre 20% y 26%, y el contenido de proteína entre 14% y 24%, con interacciones significativas genotipo × ambiente. Los rendimientos más altos de semilla y aceite se obtuvieron en Bolu, donde Loc-88 (412 kg·da⁻¹; 25% de aceite) y Karahan (377 kg·da⁻¹; 24% de aceite) mostraron un desempeño superior. El análisis de estabilidad identificó a los genotipos A50, Loc-86, Loc-87 y Karahan como de alto rendimiento y estables en todos los ambientes. Los parámetros de calidad del biodiésel, incluidos el índice de yodo (88–98 gI₂·100 g⁻¹) y el valor ácido (<2.6 mg KOH·g⁻¹), cumplieron con los estándares internacionales, confirmando la idoneidad del aceite de Pelemir para la producción de biocombustibles. Estos hallazgos demuestran el potencial de Pelemir como cultivo oleaginoso tolerante al frío y la sequía y como un recurso genético valioso para expandir la materia prima de biodiésel en Turquía.

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Publicado

2025-09-30

Cómo citar

1.
Arslan Y, Yaşar M, Ünal S, Subaşı İ., Çiftçi V, Eryiğit T, İşler B. Rendimiento agronómico, calidad del aceite y potencial para biodiésel de los genotipos de Cephalaria syriaca L. en Turquía. Grasas aceites [Internet]. 30 de septiembre de 2025 [citado 28 de julio de 2026];76(3):2367. Disponible en: https://grasasyaceites.revistas.csic.es/index.php/grasasyaceites/article/view/2367

Número

Sección

Investigación

Datos de los fondos

Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu
Números de la subvención 120R015