Characterization of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> seed oil from drought and irrigated regions of Punjab, Pakistan

Farooq Anwar; Syeda Nahid Zafar; Umer Rashid

doi:10.3989/gya.2006.v57.i2.32

Autores/as

Farooq Anwar Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
Syeda Nahid Zafar Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
Umer Rashid Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.2006.v57.i2.32

Palabras clave:

Ácidos grasos, Alto oleico, Caracterización, Moringa oleifera, Periodo de inducción, Secano, Tocoferoles.

Resumen

La intención del presente estudio ha sido la de investigar la composición del aceite obtenido de la semilla de M. oleifera cultivada en regiones de secano y de regadío Paquistaní. El contenido de aceite extraído de estas semillas cosechadas en una región de secano (Layyah) y dos de regadío (Rahim Yar Khan, Jhang) del Punjab paquistaní resultó ser, respectivamente, de 30.36, 35.26 y 38.37 %. Los resultados de los parámetros físico-químicos fueron: Índice de yodo, 65.86, 70.50 y 67.86; índice de refracción (40 °C), 1.4570, 1.4582 y 1.4581; densidad (24 °C), 0.9059, 0.9069 y 0.9002 mg mL-1; índice de saponificación, 181.1, 183.7 y 183.1; materia insaponificable, 0.84, 0.85 y 0.97 % y acidez (referida a oleico) 0.28, 0.35 y 0.33 %.

El periodo de inducción (Rancimat 20L/h, 120 °C) del aceite procedente de regiones de secano fue significativamente mayor (9.63 h) que el obtenido en las regiones de regadío (8.74 y 8.33 h). Los coeficientes de extinción a 232 y 270 nm fueron respectivamente 1.92, 1.98 y 1.68; 1.02, 0.97 y 0.75. El contenido total de tocoferoles (α, γ y δ), los cuales no variaron de manera significativa en los aceites según su procedencia de secano o regadío, se mantuvieron en los rangos de valores siguientes: 95.85-103.80, 80.26-85.56 y 55.75-64.55 mg kg-1, respectivamente. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto que la procedencia de secano es el factor que más visiblemente influyen en el aumento del periodo de inducción y del contenido de C22:0 en los aceites, así como de la reducción del peso de la semilla, de la producción de aceite, del índice de yodo y del contenido en C18:1.

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