Variations in fatty acid composition, glucosinolate profile and some phytochemical contents in selected oil seed rape (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) cultivars

Hossam El-Din Saad El-Beltagi; Amal Amin Mohamed

doi:10.3989/gya.087009

Autores/as

Hossam El-Din Saad El-Beltagi Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University
Amal Amin Mohamed Plant Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.087009

Palabras clave:

Colza, Composición de ácidos grasos, Fenoles totales, Glucosinolatos, Tocoferoles

Resumen

La colza (Brassica napus L.) es hoy en día el tercer cultivo más importante de aceites comestibles en el mundo tras el aceite de soja y de palma. En este estudio semillas de cinco cultivos diferentes de colza, denominadas pactol, silvo, topas, serw 4 y serw 6, fueron evaluadas mediante su composición en ácidos grasos, perfil de glucosinolato, aminoácidos, tocoferoles totales y contenido fenólico. En todos los cultivos, una significativa variabilidad en los ácidos grasos fue observada. El ácido oleico (C18:1) vario desde un 56.31% a un 58.67%, ácido linoleico (C18:2) desde un 10.52% a un 13.74%, ácido α-linolenic (C18:3) desde 8.83% a un 10.32% y ácido erúcico (22:1) desde un 0.15% a un 0.91%. El perfil de glucosinolatos de colza fue también separado e identificado usando cromatografía líquida de alta eficacia. Una baja variación en el perfil de glucosinolato fue observado en todos los cultivos ensayados; sin embargo, progoitrina y gluconapina fueron los principales glucosinolatos encontraos en todos los cultivos. Además, el cultivo silvo mostro el contenido de glucosinolatos totales más alto (5.97 μmol/g dw). Generalmente, el contenido de aspártico, glutámico, arginina y leucina fue alto, mientras que el contenido de tirosina y isoleucina fue bajo en todos los cultivos. En los tocoferoles totales, los resultados indican que tanto los cultivos serw 6 y pactol tuvieron el contenido de tocoferoles más alto (138.3 and 102.8 mg/100 g de aceite, respectivamente). El contenido total de fenoles vario entre 28.0 a 35.4 mg/g peso seco. El contenido total de fenoles más alto fue encontrado en topas, mientras que el valor más bajo fue detectado en serw 6. Estos parámetros, contenido de ácidos grasos, perfil de glucosinolato y aminoácidos junto el contenido total de tocoferoles y fenoles, podrían ser tenidos en consideración por los mejoradores de semillas de colza como criterio de selección para desarrollar genotipos que modifiquen los rasgos de calidad de la Brassica napus L.

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