Acid activation of Bentonite for use as a vegetable oil bleaching agent

Authors

  • B. Makhoukhi Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Tlemcen University
  • M. A. Didi Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Tlemcen University
  • D. Villemin Caen- University
  • A. Azzouz University of Quebec at Montreal, Department of Chemistry

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.108408

Keywords:

Acid activation, Bentonite, Design of experiments, Oil bleaching

Abstract


The design of various experiments in order to assess and simulate the effects of the acid activation of an Algerian bentonite on the bleaching capacity of Colza oil is described. Three key parameters of the acidic activation, namely acid concentration, contact time and temperature, were considered. The calculations made indicated that all variables display advantageous effects up to a certain level on the effectiveness of bleaching, regarded as the responsefunction. The acid concentration exerts a predominant individual effect as compared to the other parameters. Some small interactions between parameters were considered. High bleaching capacity reached 99% as optimal activation. Under accurate statistical measurements, synergy phenomena could be observed. Excessive activation is discussed in terms of loss in both porosity and acid strength.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Official and Tentative Methods of the American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS). 1979. Bleaching Test, Official Method Cc 8b-52.

Assaad E, Azzouz A, Nistor D, Ursu AV, Sajin T, Miron DN, Monette F, Niquette P, Hausler R. 2007. Metals removal through synergic coagulation-flocculation using an optimized chitosan-montmorillonite system. Appl. Clay Sci. 37, 258–274. doi:10.1016/j.clay.2007.02.007

Azzouz A, Nistor D, Miron DN, Ursu AV, Sajin T, Monette F, Niquette P, Hausler R. 2006. Assessment of the acid–base strength distribution of ion-exchanged montmorillonites through NH3 and CO2–TPD measurements. Thermochimica Acta 449, 27–34. doi:10.1016/j.tca.2006.07.019

Bergouzini JC, Duby C. 1995. Analyse et planification des expériences–les dispositifs en bloc. Masson, Paris, France.

Bodo R, Ahmanache K, Hausler R, Azzouz A. 2004. Optimized extraction of total proteic mass from water hyacinth dry leaves. J. Environ. Sci. Eng. 3, 529–536. doi:10.1139/s04-023

Didi MA, Makhoukhi B, Azzouz A, Villemin D. 2009. Colza oil bleaching through optimized acid activation of bentonite; A comparative study. Appl. Clay Sci. 42, 336–344. doi:10.1016/j.clay.2008.03.014

European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology (Official Journal of the European Federation for the Science and Technology of Lipids). 2001. Practice of Bleaching. Cooperative work of the German Society for Fat Science (DGF), 103, 499–558.

Güler C, Tunç F. 1992. Chlorophyll adsorption on acidactivated clay. J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc. 69, 948–950. doi:10.1007/BF02636350

Kheok SC, Lim EE. 1982. Mechanism of palm oil bleaching by montmorillonite clay activated at various acid concentrations. J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc. 59, 129–131. doi:10.1007/BF02662259

Kirali EG, Laçin O. 2006. Statistical modelling of acid activation on cotton oil bleaching by Turkish bentonite. J. Food Eng. 75, 137–141. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.06.010

Liew KY, Tan SH, Morsingh F, Khoo LE. 1982. Adsorption of beta-carotene: II. On cation exchanged bleaching clays. J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc. 59, 480–484. doi:10.1007/BF02636147

Makhoukhi B, Didi MA, Villemin D. 2008. Modification of bentonite with diphosphonium salts: Synthesis and characterisation. Mater. Lett. 62, 2493–2496. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2007.12.026

Taylor DR, Jenkins DB. 1988. Acid activated clays. Soc. Min. Eng. AIME Trans 282, 1901–1910.

Taylor DR, Jenkins DB, Ungermann CB. 1989. Bleaching with alterative layered minerals: a comparison with acid activated montmorillonite for bleaching soybean oil. J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc. 66, 334–341. doi:10.1007/BF02653285

Downloads

Published

2009-09-30

How to Cite

1.
Makhoukhi B, Didi MA, Villemin D, Azzouz A. Acid activation of Bentonite for use as a vegetable oil bleaching agent. Grasas aceites [Internet]. 2009Sep.30 [cited 2024Mar.19];60(4):343-9. Available from: https://grasasyaceites.revistas.csic.es/index.php/grasasyaceites/article/view/584

Issue

Section

Research