Characterization of seed oils from different varieties of watermelon [<i>Citrullus lanatus</i> (Thunb.)] from Pakistan

S. Raziq; F. Anwar; Z. Mahmood; S. A. Shahid; R. Nadeem

doi:10.3989/gya.022212

Autores/as

S. Raziq Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture
F. Anwar Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture - Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha
Z. Mahmood Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture
S. A. Shahid Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad
R. Nadeem Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.022212

Palabras clave:

Aceite de semillas, Ácidos grasos, Atributos físico-químicos, Estado de oxidación, HPLC, Sandía, Tocoferoles

Resumen

Se presentan las características físico-químicas de aceites de diferentes variedades de semillas de sandías (Citrullus lanatus) cultivadas en Pakistán: Sugar Baby, QF-12, DWH-21 y Círculo rojo-1885. El aceite y el contenido de proteína cruda de las semillas de sandía están dentro de los rangos: 28,25-35,65% y 20,50-35,00%, respectivamente y varian significativamente (p < 0,05) entre las variedades ensayadas. Los niveles de humedad, fibra cruda y cenizas en las semillas se encontró entre 2.16-3.24%, 1.95-3.42% y 4.29-6.60%, respectivamente. Las características fisico-químicas estudiadas de los aceites extraídos fueron: contenido de ácidos grasos libres (1.17-2.10% de ácido oleico), índice de yodo (97,10-116,32 g de I2 100 g^-1 de aceite), índice de saponificación (190,20-205,57 mg de KOH g^-1 de aceite), insaponificable (0,54-0.82%) y color (1.12-4.30 de I + 12.20- 33.40 y). Los aceites presentaron unos rangos de los parámetros de oxidación razonables, como se muestra en las determinaciones de la extinción específica a 232 y 270 nm (2.90-4.40 y 2.05-3.09 respectivamente), valores de p-anisidina (5.60-7.70) e índice de peróxidos (2,90-5,06 meqO₂ kg^-1 de aceite). El ácido linoleico es el principal ácido graso que se encuentra en todos los aceites de las semillas, con una contribución del 45.30-51.80% del total de ácidos grasos. Otros ácidos grasos determinados fueron oleico, 20,2-23,5%, palmítico, 15,1-16,9%) y esteárico, 11,5-14,4%. El contenido de α- y δ-tocoferol en los aceites fué de 120,6-195,6 y 9,1- 58,3 mg kg^-1, respectivamente. Los atributos físico-químicos de los aceites de semillas de sandía variaron significativamente entre las variedades ensayadas. Los resultados del presente estudio indican que las semillas de las variedades de sandía ensayadas procedentes de Pakistán son una fuente potencial aceites con alto contenido en ácido linoleico y, por lo tanto, se puede explorar para usos comerciales y productos con valor añadido.

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