Effect of different irrigation regimes on the quality attributes of monovarietal virgin olive oil from cv. “Cobrançosa”

A. A. Fernandes-Silva; J. B. Gouveia; P. Vasconcelos; T. C. Ferreira; F. J. Villalobos

doi:10.3989/gya.070512

Autores/as

A. A. Fernandes-Silva CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agronomy, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro
J. B. Gouveia LET-Technical Studies Laboratory – Institute of Agronomy, Technical University of Lisbon
P. Vasconcelos LET-Technical Studies Laboratory – Institute of Agronomy, Technical University of Lisbon
T. C. Ferreira International Consultant, Climate Change Adaptation
F. J. Villalobos Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad de Cordoba - Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, CSIC

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.070512

Palabras clave:

Aceite de oliva virgen, cv. Cobrançosa, Índices de calidad, Riego

Resumen

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de distintas estrategias de riego en la composición y la calidad del aceite de oliva virgen de cv. Cobrançosa, integrado en una denominación de origen protegida de «Azeite de Trás-os- Montes», en el noreste de Portugal. Tres tratamientos de riego fueron aplicados: T2-riego total, el olivo recibió el equivalente estacional de agua al 100% de la evapotranspiración estimada del cultivo (ETc), T1-riego continuo deficitario (30% de la ETc) y el tratamiento T0-de secano. Los datos fueron recolectados a partir de dos campañas agrícolas consecutivas (2005-2006). Los regímenes de riego tuvieron un efecto menor en los índices de calidad estándar (ácidos grasos libres, índice de peróxidos, K₂₃₂ y K₂₇₀) del aceite de oliva y en la composición de ácidos grasos. Los polifenoles totales disminuyeron hasta el tratamiento T2, y se relacionaron fuertemente con el integral de estrés hídrico, lo que sugiere que el efecto del riego sobre esta variable se produce a lo largo de la temporada de cultivo y no sólo durante la fase de acumulación de aceite. Una estrategia de riego deficitario continuo con sólo 30% de la ETc máxima puede tener un efecto beneficioso, ya que aumentó la producción de aceite de oliva a más del doble que en condiciones de secano, mientras que la calidad del aceite de oliva fue similar.

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