Compuestos volátiles de grasa perirrenal de terneros terminados en sistemas semi-extensivos o intensivos, con especial énfasis en terpenoides
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0244151Palabras clave:
Biomarcador, Calidad de la carne, Pastoreo, Sabor de la carne, Ternera, Terpenoides, TudancaResumen
La producción de rumiantes en pastoreo puede suponer un menor impacto ambiental y un mayor bienestar animal, y considerarse como una característica de calidad diferenciada de la carne generada, con respecto a los animales producidos de forma intensiva. En estudios recientes se ha investigado sobre la presencia de compuestos en la carne o grasa de rumiantes que puedan ser utilizados como marcadores de alimentación a base de pasto. En el presente estudio se ha determinado y comparado la composición volátil de la grasa perirrenal de terneros de raza Tudanca criados mediante un sistema semi-extensivo (SE; n=8) o intensivo (I; n=8). Los compuestos volátiles de grasa perirrenal fueron analizados utilizando un método de extracción-destilación simultánea seguido por cromatografía de gases acoplada a un detector de espectro de masas (CG/EM), operando en modo de barrido completo. Por otra parte, se determinaron de forma específica los terpenoides utilizando la técnica de microextracción en fase solida seguida por CG/EM, operando en modo de barrido selectivo de iones. La grasa del sistema SE mostró menores niveles de octanal, 2-octenal y 2,4-decadienal y mayores niveles de 2,3-octanodiona y escatol que el sistema I. Además, los niveles de α-pineno, aromadendreno, α-felandreno, eucaliptol, α-gurjuneno fueron más altos en el sistema SE. La presencia de fencheno, eucaliptol y α-gurjuneno no ha sido descrita en estudios previos en compuestos volátiles en carne o grasa de bovino. Este estudio muestra la posibilidad de utilizar varios terpenos presentes la grasa perirrenal como indicadores de alimentación en pastoreo en terneros Tudancos.
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