Fermentación controlada de aceitunas verdes picholine marroquí mediante cepas de lactobacilos degradantes de oleuropeína
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0759152Palabras clave:
Aceitunas, Fermentación, Iniciadores, Lactobacillus, OleuropeínaResumen
Se llevó a cabo el control del proceso de fermentación espontánea de aceitunas verdes sin desamargar picholine marroquí basado en la inoculación con dos cepas de lactobacilos (Lactobacillus plantarum S175 y Lactobacillus pentosus S100). Estas cepas, seleccionadas previamente en nuestro laboratorio por su capacidad de degradar a la oleuropeína, se inocularon en las aceitunas en salmuera al 5 % de NaCl, y después se incubaron a 30 °C. Los parámetros físico-químicos (pH, acidez libre, reducción de azúcares, cloruro sódico, oleuropeína y sus productos de hidrólisis) y los parámetros microbiológicos (bacterias aerobias mesófilas, coliformes, estafilococos, bacterias lácticas y levaduras y mohos), fueron analizados regularmente durante el tiempo de fermentación. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron la eficacia de las cepas de bacterias lácticas para desarrollar una adecuada biodegradación de la oleuropeina y los procesos de fermentación láctica controlados más que en el caso de las aceitunas no inoculadas (control). Estos resultados fueron confirmados por la rápida eliminación de coliformes y estafilococos, por la acumulación de hidroxitirosol como resultado de biodegradación de la oleuropeína, y por ladrástica reducción de aceitunas estropeadas y por la buena calidad de las aceitunas fermentadas.
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