Removal of DBP from evening primrose oil with activated clay modified by chitosan and CTAB
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0438211Keywords:
Activated clay, Evening primrose oil, Dibutyl phthalate esterAbstract
The pollution of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in edible oils is a serious problem. In the current study, we attempt to remove dibutyl phthalate ester (DBP) from evening primrose oil (EPO) with modified activated clay. The activated clay, commonly used for de-coloration in the oil refining process, was modified by chitosan and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The modifications were characterized by SEM, XRD, and FT-IR. We further tested the DBP adsorption capacity of CTAB/chitosan-clay and found that the removal rate was 27.56% which was 3.24 times higher than with pristine activated clay. In addition, the CTAB/chitosan-clay composite treatment had no significant effect on the quality of evening primrose oil. In summary, the CTAB/chitosan-clay composite has a stronger DBP adsorption capacity and can be used as a new adsorbent for removing DBP during the de-coloration process of evening primrose oil.
Downloads
References
Acikyildiz M, Gurses A, Gunes K, Yalvac D. 2015. A comparative examination of the adsorption mechanism of an anionic textile dye (RBY 3GL) onto the powdered activated carbon (PAC) using various the isotherm models and kinetics equations with linear and non-linear methods. Surf. Sci. 354, 279-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.07.021
Alshameri A, He H, Zhu J, Xi Y, Zhu R, Ma L, Tao Q. 2018. Adsorption of ammonium by different natural clay minerals: characterization, kinetics and adsorption isotherms. Appl. Clay Sci. 159, 83-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.11.007
Benjamin S, Masai E, Kamimura N, Takahashi K, Anderson RC, Faisal PA. 2017. Phthalates impact human health: epidemiological evidences and plausible mechanism of action. J. Hazard. Mater. 340, 360-383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.06.036 PMid:28800814
Bujdák J. 2020. Adsorption kinetics models in clay systems. The critical analysis of pseudo-second order mechanism. Appl. Clay Sci. 191, 105630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2020.105630
Bi XL, Pan XJ, Yuan SJ. 2013. Plasticizer Contamination in Edible Vegetable Oil in a U.S. Retail Market. J. Agric. Food Chem. 61, 9502-9509. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf402576a PMid:24016262
Budyak TM, Yanovska ES, Kichkiruk OY, Sternik D, Tertykh VA. 2016. Natural minerals coated by biopolymer chitosan: synthesis, physicochemical and adsorption properties. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 11, 492. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-016-1696-y PMid:27826951 PMCid:PMC5101246
Cao C, Meng L, Zhao Y. 2014. Adsorption of phenol from wastewater by organo-bentonite. Desalin. Water Treat. 52, 19-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.803649
Chen L, Liu Y, Deng J. 2019. Removal of phthalic acid esters from sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) pulp oil by steam distillation and molecular distillation. Food Chem. 294, 572-577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.091 PMid:31126502
Fu L, Yang H, Tang A, Hu Y. 2017. Engineering a tubular mesoporous silica nanocontainer with well-preserved clay shell from natural halloysite. Nano Res. 10 (8), 2782-2799. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-017-1482-x
Gao DW, Wen ZD. 2016. Phthalate esters in the environment: A critical review of their occurrence, biodegradation, and removal during wastewater treatment processes. Sci. Total Environ. 541, 986-1001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.148 PMid:26473701
Gelmez B, Ketenoglu O, Yavuz H. 2017. Removal of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and mineral oil from crude hazelnut skin oil using molecular distillation-multiobjective optimization for DEHP and tocopherol. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 116, 1600001. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201600001
Giuliani A, Zuccarini M, Cichelli A, Khan H, Reale M. 2020. Critical review on the presence of phthalates in food and evidence of their biological impact. International Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17 (16), 5655. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165655 PMid:32764471 PMCid:PMC7460375
Guo J, Chen S, Liu L. 2012. Adsorption of dye from wastewater using chitosan-CTAB modified bentonites. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 382, 61-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2012.05.044 PMid:22738850
Ho YS. 2006. Review of second-order models for adsorption systems. J. Hazard. Mater. 136(3), 681-689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.12.043 PMid:16460877
Kamrin MA. 2009. Phthalate Risks, Phthalate Regulation, and Public Health: A Review. J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. 12, 157-174. https://doi.org/10.1080/10937400902729226 PMid:19235623
Kreps F, Vrbikova L, Schmidt S. 2014. Influence of industrial physical refining on tocopherol, chlorophyll and beta-carotene content in sunflower and rapeseed oil. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 116, 1572-1582. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201300460
Kong X, Bai Z, Jin T, Jin D, Pan J, Yu X, Cernava T. 2022. Arthrobacter is a universal responder to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) contamination in soils from various geographical locations. J. Hazard. Mater. 422, 126914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126914 PMid:34419851
Kotowska U, Kapelewska J, Sawczuk R. 2020. Occurrence, removal, and environmental risk of phthalates in wastewaters, landfill leachates, and groundwater in Poland. Environ. Pollut. 267,115643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115643 PMid:33254702
Liu JM, Li CY, Zhao N, Wang ZH, Lv SW, Liu JC, Chen LJ, Wang J, Zhang,Y, Wang S. 2020. Migration regularity of phthalates in polyethylene wrap film of food packaging. J. Food Sci, 85 (7), 2105-2113. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.15181 PMid:32506566
Martino-Andrade AJ, Chahoud I. 2010. Reproductive toxicity of phthalate esters. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 54, 148-157. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200800312 PMid:19760678
Mohd AS, Dutta RK, Sen AK. 2018. Removal of diethyl phthalate via adsorption on mineral rich waste coal modified with chitosan. J. Mol. Liq. 261, 271-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.04.031
Net S, Sempere R, Delmont A, Paluselli A, Ouddane B. 2015. Occurrence, Fate, Behavior and Ecotoxicological State of Phthalates in Different Environmental Matrices. Environ. Sci. Technol. 49, 4019-4035. https://doi.org/10.1021/es505233b PMid:25730609
Pan FG, Li YY, Luo XD, Wang XQ, Wang CS, Wen BL, Guan XR, Xu YF, Liu BQ. 2020. Effect of the chemical refining process on composition and oxidative stability of evening primrose oil. J. Food Process Preserv. 44, e14800. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.14800
Pang X, Skillen N, Gunaratne N, Rooney DW, Robertson PK. 2021. Removal of phthalates from aqueous solution by semiconductor photocatalysis: A review. J. Hazard. Mater. 402, 123461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123461 PMid:32688192
Pereira J, Selbourne MD, Pocas F. 2019 Determination of phthalates in olive oil from European market. Food Control 98, 54-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.11.003
Rahardjo AK, Susanto MJJ, Kurniawan A, Indraswati N, Ismadji S. 2011. Modified Ponorogo bentonite for the removal of ampicillin from wastewater. J. Hazard. Mater. 190, 1001-1008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.04.052 PMid:21550716
Wang X, Cheng H, Chai P, Bian J, Wang X, Liu Y, Yin X, Pan S, Pan Z. 2020. Pore characterization of different clay minerals and its impact on methane adsorption capacity. Ene. Fuels 34 (10), 12204-12214. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c01922
Wei X, Qin G, Jian X, Kailong L, Fengxiang Y, Ting C, Si Q, Can L, Fangbin W. 2020. Cumulative risk assessment of phthalates inedible vegetable oil consumed by Chinese residents J. Sci. Food Agric. 100, 1124-1131. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10121 PMid:31680259
Xiang W, Gong Q, Xu J, Li KL, Yu FX, Chen T, Qin S, Li C, Wang FB. 2019. Cumulative risk assessment of phthalates in edible vegetable oil consumed by Chinese residents. J. Sci. Food Agric. 100, 1124-1131. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10121 PMid:31680259
Xiong Y, Zhao ZM, Zhu LP, Chen YT, Ji HB, Yang DP. 2013. Removal of three kinds of phthalates from sweet orange oil by molecular distillation. Food Sci. Technol. 53, 487-491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2013.04.012
Zhang Y, Liang Q, Gao R, Hou H, Tan W, He X, Yu M, Ma L, Xi B, Wang X. 2015. Contamination of Phthalate Esters (PAEs) in Typical Wastewater-Irrigated Agricultural Soils in Hebei, North China. PLoS ONE 10 (9), e0137998. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137998 PMid:26360905 PMCid:PMC4567052
Zhang A, Xiang J, Sun L, Hu S, Li P, Shi S, Fu P, Su S. 2009. Preparation, characterization and application of modified chitosan sorbents for elemental mercury removal. Ind. Eng. Chem. 48, 4980-4989. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie9000629
Zhang T, Wang W, Zhao Y, Bai H, Wen T, Kang S, Song G, Song S, Komarneni S. 2021. Removal of heavy metals and dyes by clay-based adsorbents: From natural clays to 1D and 2D nano-composites. Chem. Eng. J. 420, 127574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.127574
Zhao BB, Gong HD, Li H, Zhang Y, Deng JW, Chen ZC. 2019. Fatty Acid, Triacylglycerol and unsaponifiable matters profiles and physicochemical properties of chinese evening primrose oil. J. Oleo Sci. 68, 719-728. https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess19091 PMid:31292343
Zhao ZH, He GX, Peng XY, Lu L. 2014. Distribution and sources of phthalate esters in the top soils of Beijing, China. Environ. Geochem. Health 36, 505-515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-013-9577-0 PMid:24203261
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.
Funding data
Jilin Province Key R&D Plan Project
Grant numbers 20190301058NY