Pretreatment of cottonseed flakes with proteases and an amylase for higher oil yields

Fakhriya S. Taha; Minar M. Hassanein

doi:10.3989/gya.2007.v58.i3.186

Authors

Fakhriya S. Taha Fats and Oils Department, National Research Centre El-Bohous St., Dokki, Cairo
Minar M. Hassanein Fats and Oils Department, National Research Centre El-Bohous St., Dokki, Cairo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.2007.v58.i3.186

Keywords:

Amylase, Cellulase, Cottonseed oil, Enzymatic treatment, Extractability, Pectinase, Proteases

Abstract

The effect of enzymatic pretreatment of cottonseed flakes on oil extractability was studied. The enzymes investigated included bacterial protease (Bp), papain (Pa), savinase (S), termamyl (T), pectinase (Pe) and cellulase (C). The variables studied during the enzymatic hydrolysis experiments were: enzyme concentration, moisture: cottonseed flakes ratio, and time of hydrolysis. Enzymatic hydrolysis experiments were first carried out with a single enzyme, then with enzyme mixtures formulated according to the results of single enzyme treatments. Results were evaluated based on the relative increase in oil extractability, and some oil characteristics in comparison with untreated cottonseed flakes (control). Pretreatment with enzyme mixtures resulted in a relative increase in oil extractability that was higher than single enzyme pretreatment and the control. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference (at 5% level) between the control and all enzymatically treated oils as well as among different enzymatically treated oils. The relative increase in oil extractability due to pretreatment with enzyme mixtures were in the following order: S: Pe: Bp>S: P>S: C: Pe>S: Bp>S:T>S: C >S: Pa with values 44.9%, 38.9%, 37.1%, 34.9%, 30.1%, 28.9%, respectively. Enzymatic pretreatment of cottonseed flakes resulted in oils with fatty acid composition, acid value, iodine value and peroxide values that were generally comparable to the control.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

AOCS 1998. Official methods and recommended practices of the AOCS (15th Ed.). Champaign, IL: AOCS Press.

Bhatnagar S, Johari BN. 1987. Microbial enzymes in the processing of oilseeds. Curr. Sci. 56, 775 – 776.

Carpita NC, Gibeaut DM. 1993. Structural models of primary cell walls in flowering plants: consistency of molecular structure with the physical properties of the cell walls during growth. Plant J. 3, 1 – 30. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.1993.tb00007.x

Che Man Y.B, Suhardiyono AB, Asbi, MN, Wei L.S. 1996. Aqueous enzymatic extraction of coconut oil. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 73, 683 – 686 doi:10.1007/BF02517940

Chen BK, Diosady, L.L.2003. Enzymatic aqueous processing of coconut. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng., 1, 55-61

Christie W.1973. Lipid Analysis 1st Ed., pp 87-96, Oxford, Pergamon Press.

Dominguez H, Nunez M., Lema JM.1993. Oil extractability from enzymatically treated soybean and sunflower: range of operational variables. Food Chem., 46, 277-284. doi:10.1016/0308-8146(93)90119-Z

Hanmoungjiai P, Pyle DL, Niranjank K. 2002. Enzyme assisted water extraction of oil and protein from rice bran. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol.77, 771-776. doi:10.1002/jctb.635

Hitze W, Stute R, Woelk HU, Gillaue R, Walson P.1972. Enzyme aided extraction of corn germ oil. British Patent 1,402,769.

Lanzani A, Petrini MC, Cozzoli, O, Gallavresi P, Carola C, Jacini C. 1975. On the use of enzymes for vegetable oil extraction. A preliminary report. La Rivista Italiana Della Sostanze Grasse LII-Loglio, 52, 226 – 229

McGlone OG, Canales AL, Carter JV. 1986. Coconut oil extraction by a new enzymatic process. J. Food Sci., 51,695 – 697. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1986.tb13914.x

Moreau BA, Johnston DB, Powell MJ, Hicks KB. 2004. A comparison of commercial enzymes for the aqueous enzymatic extraction of corn oil from corn germ. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 81, 1071 -1075. doi:10.1007/s11746-004-1023-3

Rosenthal A, Pyle DL, Niragan K, Gilmour S, Trimca L. 2001.Combined effect of operational variables and enzyme activity on aqueous enzymatic extraction of oil and protein from soybean. Enzyme and Microbial Technol. 28, 499 – 509. doi:10.1016/S0141-0229(00)00351-3

Santas RD, Ferrari RA .2005. Aqueous enzymatic of soybean oil. Ciencia y Technología de Alimentos 51, 287.

Shankar D, Agrawal YC, Sarkar BC, Singh BPN. 1997. Enzymatic hydrolysis in conjunction with conventional pretreatments to soybean for enhanced oil availability and recovery. . J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 74 1543- 1547. doi:10.1007/s11746-997-0074-4

Sharma A, Khare SK, Gupta MN. 2001. Enzyme assisted aqueous extraction of rice bran oil. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 78, 946-949. doi:10.1007/s11746-001-0369-x

Sharma A, Khare SK, Gupta MN. 2002. Enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction of peanut oil. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 79, 215 - 218. doi:10.1007/s11746-002-0463-0

Sengupta R, Bhattacharyya DK. 1996. Enzymatic extraction of mustard seed and rice bran. . J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 73, 687 – 692. doi:10.1007/BF02517941

Sitohy MZ, Badr EH, Perifanova-Nemska, Kadjiski TS.1993. Characterization of enzymatically extracted sunflower seed oil as well as the protein residues. Grasas y Aceites 44, 345 – 347.

Smith DD, Agrawal YC, Sarkar BC, Singh BPN. 1993. Enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment for mechanical expelling of soybeans. . J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 70, 885– 890. doi:10.1007/BF02545348

Snedecor GW, Cochran WG. 1980. Statistical Methods, 7th Ed., Iowa State University Press, Iowa, USA.

Sosulski K, Sosulski FW. 1993. Enzyme aided vs. twostage processing of canola. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 70, 825-830.

Snyder HE, Kwon TW.1987. Morphology and Composition In “Soybean Utilization”. Snyder and Kwon Eds, pp.19-70 Van Norstrand & Reinhold Co. Inc., New York.

Taha FS, Youssef EAA, Omar S. 2002. Preliminary studies on the enzymatic treatment of cottonseed for higher oil yield. J. Agric.l Sci. Mansoura University 27, 2794 - 2808.

Tano-Debrah K, Ohta Y. 1995. Enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction of Shea fat: a rural approach. . J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 72, 251 – 256. doi:10.1007/BF02638908

Walter A, Duncan DB. 1969. Multiple ranges and multiple tests. Biometrics 11, 1-24.

Wang Z, Xu SY, Wang Y. 2004. Aqueous enzymatic extraction from oil and protein hydrolysates from peanut. Proceedings of the IFT annual meeting, July 12-16, Las Vegas, NV.