Influence of different irrigation and nitrogen levels on crude oil and fatty acid composition of maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.)

M. Kaplan; H. Kale; K. Karaman; A. Unlukara

doi:10.3989/gya.0222171

Autores/as

M. Kaplan Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Erciyes https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6717-4115
H. Kale Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Erciyes https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4736-1498
K. Karaman Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Erciyes https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0729-6185
A. Unlukara Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Erciyes https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4931-8100

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0222171

Palabras clave:

Ácidos grasos, Fertilizantes, Maíz, Riego, Zea mays L.

Resumen

Se estudió el efecto de niveles de riego y fertilizantes nitrogenados sobre la composición de aceites y ácidos grasos de cultivares de maíz. Se utilizaron tres niveles de riego (50, 75 y 100% de capacidad de campo) y nitrógeno (100, 200 y 300 kg·ha^-1) para los grupos de tratamiento. Tras la cosecha se extrajeron los aceites y se determinó el perfil de ácidos grasos mediante cromatografía de gases. El estudio se repitió durante dos años y se determinó los efectos de la interacción del fertilizante y el riego. Los resultados mostraron que el contenido de aceite se ve afectado positivamente por el fertilizante y las aplicaciones de riego. Como era de esperar, el ácido graso mayoritario fue linoleico y el año de cosecha no lo altera. El mayor contenido de ácido linoleico se obtuvo con riego del 50% de la capacidad de campo en combinación con fertilización de 300 kg·ha^-1. Los contenidos de los demás ácidos grasos varían con los cambios de interacción riego/fertilización, excepto los ácidos mirístico y palmítico. El ácido oleico fue el segundo ácido graso más abundante en los aceites y su valor más bajo se obtuvo con la combinación de una irrigación del 50% de la capacidad de campo y 300 kg·ha^-1 de fertilizantes. El ácido oleico tiende a aumentar con una irrigación del 75% de la capacidad de campo, pero el 100% del tratamiento de capacidad de campo lo hace disminuir.

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