Biodiesel production enhanced by ultrasound-assisted esterification and transesterification of inedible olive oil

M.-T.  Golmakani; L.  Dehghan; N.  Rahimizad

doi:10.3989/gya.1233202

Autores/as

M.-T. Golmakani Food Science and Technology Department, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5173-1178
L. Dehghan Food Science and Technology Department, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4454-5670
N. Rahimizad Food Science and Technology Department, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8001-5397

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.1233202

Palabras clave:

Aceite de oliva, Biodiesel, Esterificación, Transesterificación, Ultrasonido

Resumen

En la primera fase de este estudio, el aceite de oliva no comestible tenía diferentes concentraciones iniciales de ácidos grasos libres (2,5, 5,0 y 10,0%) y se procesó mediante esterificación catalizada por ácido. Se utilizaron varios métodos de calentamiento para este propósito. La esterificación asistida por ultrasonido y los métodos tradicionales de esterificación asistida por agitador magnético fueron similares entre sí en términos de sus efectos sobre la reducción de ácidos grasos libres. Sin embargo, el tiempo de reacción usando ultrasonidos fue significativamente más corto que el de agitador magnético tradicional. En la segunda fase de este estudio, la producción de biodiesel, a partir de aceite de oliva no comestible, se llevó a cabo mediante transesterificación asistida por ultrasonidos. Las variables independientes fueron, nivel de potencia de ultrasonido (30, 90 y 150 W), relación molar metanol/aceite (3, 9 y 15), concentración de catalizador (0,5, 1,0 y 1,5%), tiempo de ultrasonido (15, 30 y 45 min) y temperatura de reacción (45, 55 y 65 °C) que afectaron al rendimiento y a las constantes fisicoquímicas del biodiesel producido. El biodiésel más puro (98,95%) y el mayor rendimiento (92,69%) se observaron cuando se utilizó un nivel de potencia de ultrasonido de 90 W, una relación molar de metanol / aceite de 9, una concentración de catalizador del 1,0%, un tiempo de ultrasonido de 30 min, y una temperatura de reacción de 55 °C. La optimización de las condiciones de reacción de la operación de ultrasonido puede aumentar efectivamente el rendimiento de biodiésel (92,69%), al tiempo que reduce la cantidad de consumo de energía (4,775 kWh/kg) y acorta el tiempo de reacción (30 min), en comparación con el agitador magnético tradicional (77,28 %, 2,17 kWh/kg y 120 min, respectivamente). Por lo tanto, la transesterificación asistida por ultrasonido puede servir como una alternativa eficaz debido a su operación rápida y económica en la producción de biodiesel a partir de aceite de oliva no comestible.

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