The influence of olive tree fertilization on the phenols in virgin olive oils. A review

A. Arbonés; J. Rufat; M.A. Pérez; M. Pascual; A. Benito; C. de Lorenzo; J.M. Villar; B. Sastre

doi:10.3989/gya.0565211

Authors

A. Arbonés Uso Eficiente del Agua en Agricultura. Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentarias (IRTA) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8111-9449
J. Rufat Uso Eficiente del Agua en Agricultura. Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentarias (IRTA) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7190-6147
M.A. Pérez Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0196-1642
M. Pascual Departamento de Hortofruticultura Botánica y Jardinería. Universidad de Lleida https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3329-4207
A. Benito Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2256-0899
C. de Lorenzo Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA) - Consejería de Sanidad de la Comunidad de Madrid https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9846-509X
J.M. Villar Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Ciencias del Suelo. Universidad de Lleida https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1068-8879
B. Sastre Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8300-7835

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0565211

Keywords:

Nitrogen, Nutrients, Ortho-diphenols, Phenols, Secoiridoids

Abstract

The total phenols in virgin olive oil are highly dependent on cultivar, but also on ripening stage and other agronomic factors. The focus of most studies on agronomic factors has been irrigation, while fertilization has received less attention. Most of the fertilization works find that nitrogen over-fertilization leads to a decrease in phenol contents in virgin olive oil (VOO) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), under rain-fed or irrigation management. Ortho-diphenols also decrease with high doses of nitrogen, with no effect on secoiridoids. Phosphorous has a minor effect on irrigated trees; while the role of potassium is controversial, with a lack of trials with calcium and micro-nutrients. Due to the great impact of the fertilization on the phenol content and quality of VOO, new research is necessary with focus aimed at different cultivars and agronomic factors.

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