Effect of pollen sources on yield oil extraction and fatty acid profile of the date seed (<em>Phoenix dactylifera</em> L.) cultivar Medjool from Mexico

C. García-González; R. Salomón-Torres; G. Montero-Alpírez; D. Chávez-Velasco; N. Ortiz-Uribe; N. S. Ruiz-Ortiz; M. A. Coronado-Ortega; M. A. Curiel-Alvarez

doi:10.3989/gya.0936182

Authors

C. García-González Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Ingeniería https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-2905
R. Salomón-Torres Universidad Estatal de Sonora, Departamento de Posgrado https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6486-2131
G. Montero-Alpírez Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Ingeniería https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4659-0099
D. Chávez-Velasco Tecnológico Nacional de México / Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana. Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2061-9455
N. Ortiz-Uribe Universidad Estatal de Sonora, Departamento de Posgrado https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3425-5143
N. S. Ruiz-Ortiz Universidad Estatal de Sonora, Departamento de Posgrado https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6391-0966
M. A. Coronado-Ortega Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Ingeniería https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4045-4272
M. A. Curiel-Alvarez Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Ingeniería https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4141-1020

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0936182

Keywords:

Date seed, Fatty acid profile, Medjool, Oil, Pollination

Abstract

The present investigation aimed to assess the effect of pollen sources on the mass, dimension, oil content and fatty acid profile of the seeds from female palms of the Medjool date cultivar. The palms were pollinated with Deglet Noor, Khadrawy, Medjool and Zahidi cultivars. In addition, three palms were pollinated as the treatment control. The fatty acids were evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The surface morphology of date seed powder was examined using SEM, before and after n-hexane interaction. The seeds of the Medjool treatment had the greatest mass (1.42 g), but the lowest oil content (5.37% w/w); the control seeds showed smaller mass (1.21 g), but higher oil content (13.57% w/w). The proportion of fatty acids varied significantly among the treatments with respect to the control. The most abundant fatty acids were oleic (C18:1), lauric (C12:0), myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), linoleic (C18:2), and stearic (C18:0). Together these fatty acids presented a composition between 98.3 and 98.67% for treatments, and 99.0% for the control. The results indicate that the pollen sources from Deglet Noor, Khadrawy, Medjool and Zahidi cultivars had a significant effect on mass, dimension, oil content and fatty acid profile of the seeds of the date cultivar Medjool. The date seed oil could be used as edible oil, in food products, and in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdelouauhhab Z, Arias-Jimenez EJ. 2002. Date palm cultivation, 1st edn. FAO, Rome.

Akbari M, Razavizadeh R, Mohebbi GH, Barmak A. 2012. Oil characteristics and fatty acid profile of seeds from three varieties of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) cultivars in Bushehr-Iran. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 11, 12088-12093. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB12.1084

Aljuhaimi F, Ghafoor K, Özcan MM. 2012. Physical and chemical properties, antioxidant activity, total phenol and mineral profile of seeds of seven different date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 63, 84-89. https://doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2011.598851 PMid:21762027

Aljuhaimi F, Özcan MM, Adiamo OQ, Alsawmahi ON, Ghafoor K, Babiker EE. 2018. Effect of date varieties on physico-chemical properties, fatty acid composition, tocopherol contents and phenolic compounds of some date seed and oils. J. Food Process Pres. 42, 13584-13590. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.13584

AOAC 963.15. 2005. Official Methods of Analysis of Association of Official Agriculture Chemist. Association of Analytical Chemist, Washington, D.C. Fat in Cacao Products.

AOCS Ce 2-66. 1997. Official methods and recommended practices of the American oil chemists' society Method Ce 2-66. GLC ranges of Fatty acid composition. Champaign, IL: AOCS Press.

Barreveld WH. 1993. By-products of date packing and processing. [Online] FAO. Available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/ t0681e/t0681e09.htm [Accessed 31 Mar. 2018]

Bouhlali ET, Alem C, Ennassir J, Benlyas M, Mbark AN, Zegzouti YF. 2017. Phytochemical compositions and antioxidant capacity of three date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seeds varieties grown in the South East Morocco. J. Saudi Soc. Agric. Sci. 16, 350-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2015.11.002

Cert A, Moreda W, Pérez-Camino MC. 2000. Methods of preparation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Statistical assessment of the precision characteristics from a collaborative trial. Grasas Aceites 51, 447-456. https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.2000.v51.i6.464

Georgi L. 1982. Pollination Ecology of the Date Palm and Fig Tree: Herodotus. Classical Philol. 77, 224-228. https://doi.org/10.1086/366712

Golshan-Tafti A, Solaimani-Dahdivan N, Yasini-Ardakani SA. 2017. Physicochemical properties and applications of date seed and its oil. Int. Food Res. J. 24, 1399-1406.

Hussein F, Moustafa S, Mahmud L. 1979. The direct effect of pollen (metaxenia) on fruit characteristics of dates grown in Saudi Arabia. Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on the Biological Aspects of Saudi Arabia, 69-78.

Kabacoff RI. 2011. R in action. Data analysis and graphics with R. 2nd edition. Manning Publications, New York.

R Core Team. 2015. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available from https://www.r-project.org/.

Rahnama AA, Rahkhodaei E. 2014. The effects of date pollinizer variety and pollination time on fruit set and yield of Medjhol date palm. J. Adv. Agric. 2, 67-71. https://doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v2i2.4246

Saafi EB, Trigui M, Thabet R, Hammami M, Achour L. 2008. Common date palm in Tunisia: chemical composition of pulp and pits. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 43, 2033-2037. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2008.01817.x

Salomón-Torres R, Ortiz-Uribe N, Villa-Angulo R, Villa- Angulo C, Norzagaray-Plasencia S, Garcia-Verdugo C. 2017. Effect of pollenizers on production and fruit characteristics of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivar Medjool in Mexico. Turk. J. Agric. For. 41, 338-347. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1704-14

SIAP, 2017. Anuario estadístico de la producción agrícola. Available at: http://infosiap.siap.gob.mx/aagricola_siap_ gb/icultivo/index.jsp (accessed 9 February 2018).

Steel RGD, Torrie JH. 1980. Principles and procedures of statistics. 1st edition. McGraw Hill, New York.

Swingle WT. 1928. Metaxenia in the date palm possibly a hormone action by the embryo or endosperm. J. Hered. 19, 257-268. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a102996

Zaid A, Wet PF. 2002. Chapter I: botanical and systematic description of the date palm. [Online] FAO Available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/Y4360E/y4360e05.htm [Accessed 31 Mar. 2018].