Evaluation of peanut hulls as an alternative to bleaching clays

Authors

  • M. M. M. Hassanein Fats and Oils Department, National Research Centre
  • S. M. El- Shami Fats and Oils Department, National Research Centre
  • F. S. Taha Fats and Oils Department, National Research Centre

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.113710

Keywords:

Bleaching, Carbonization, Miscella, Peanut hull, Soybean oil

Abstract


Peanut hulls (PNH) were carbonized at different temperatures, times, and evaluated at different concentrations as an alternative to bleaching clays. Evaluation of bleached crude soybean oil with PNH was based on their delta free fatty acids, reduction in peroxide value (PV), reduction in phospholipids (PL) and bleachability. The performance of several commercially used bleaching clays was evaluated, for comparison. Mixtures were formulated including: PNH and Tonsil -N (TN), PNH and Fuller’s earth (FE) and PNH and O-passive (OP) and examined. The oxidative stability of oils was determined. Results for the investigated commercial bleaching clays revealed: TN > FE > F > TF > OP. Highest reduction in PV and PL, and highest bleachability were achieved for soybean oil bleached with 2% PNH carbonized at 500°C for 30 min (PNH”). Mixtures of PNH” with the three chosen bleaching clays indicated that 1PNH”: 2TN gave the highest bleachability. CSO was miscella bleached in hexane using PNH” and resulted in an appreciable improvement in all oil characteristics, especially in bleachability. Oxidative stability of oils was in the following order: TN > control > FE > PNH” with Induction period values of 23,1 > 6,43 > 5,73 > 2,85 h, respectively.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bailey S. 1966. In “Industrial Oil and Fat Products”. Editor Y.H. Hui, 5th ed., vol.4, pp190-212, NY, John Wiley.

Brawn P, Jefcoat IA, Parrish D, Gill S, Graham E. 2000. Evaluation of the adsorptive capacity of peanut hull pellets for heavy metals in solution. Advances in Environmental Research. 4, 19-29. doi:10.1016/S1093-0191(00)00004-6

Cavanagh GC.1976. Miscella refining. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 53, 361-363. doi:10.1007/BF02605724

Chapman DM.1994. Benefits and limitations of a new chlorophyll adsorbent. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 71, 397- 400. doi:10.1007/BF02540520

De BK, Patel JD, Patel JB, Patel VK, Patel VR.2009. Bleaching of mustard oil with some alternative bleaching agents and acid activated clays. J. of Oleo Science 58, 57-63 . PMid:19145059

Ganansambandam R, Proctor A.1997. Soy hull as an adsorbent source in processing soy oil. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 74, 685-692. doi:10.1007/s11746-997-0201-2

Gananasambandam R, Mathias M, Proctor A.1998. Structure and performance of soy hull adsorbents as affected by pyrolysis temperature. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 75, 615-621. doi:10.1007/s11746-998-0074-z

Gong R, Lim M, Yang C, Sun Y, Chen J.2005. Removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions by adsorption on peanut hull. J. of Hazardous Materials 121, 247-150. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.01.029 PMid:15885428

Hill Steve, 1990. Investigation of Extruded Expelled Soybean Oil. Part of Thesis submitted to University of Illinois at Urbana- Champagne USA .

Lin TL, Lin CI. 2009. Performance of peanut hull ashes in bleaching water degummed and alkali refined soy oil. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 40, 168-173. doi:10.1016/j.jcice.2008.06.004

Megahed OA. 2002. Assessment of the process of cottonseed oil bleaching in hexane. Grasa y Aceites 53, 379-383. doi:10.3989/gya.2002.v53.i4.333

Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the AOCS (5th ed.), Champaign, IL. AOCS Press (1998).

Omar S, Girgis B, Taha F.2003. Carbonaceous materials from seed hulls for bleaching of vegetable oils. Food Research International. 36, 11-17. doi:10.1016/S0963-9969(02)00102-3

Patterson HBW.1992. “Bleaching and Purifying Fats and Oils. Theory and Practice”. Champaign, IL. AOCS Press.

Perissamy K, Namassivayam C. 1994. Process development for removal and recovery of cadmium from wastewater by a low-cost adsorbent: Adsorption rates and equilibrium studies. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 33, 317-320. doi:10.1021/ie00026a022

Proctor A, Harris CD. 1996. Soy hull carbon as an adsorbent of minor crude oil components. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 73, 527-529. doi:10.1007/BF02523931

Pons WAJ, Kuck JC, Frampton VL. 1960. Colour index for cottonseed oils. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 37, 671-673. doi:10.1007/BF02632095

Romero LC, Bonomo A, Gonzo EE. 2009. Acid activated carbon from peanut shells: Synthesis, characterization and uptake of organic compounds from aqueous solutions. Adsorption Science and Technology 21, 617-626. doi:10.1260/026361703772776402

Schmutzler LM, Luis OF, Trujillo- Quijano JA. 1994. Miscella bleaching. European Patent ER 0626444, 18 April.

Walter A, Duncan DB. 1969. Multiple ranges and multiple tests. Biometrics 11, 1-24.

Downloads

Published

2011-09-30

How to Cite

1.
Hassanein MMM, El- Shami SM, Taha FS. Evaluation of peanut hulls as an alternative to bleaching clays. Grasas aceites [Internet]. 2011Sep.30 [cited 2024Mar.28];62(3):299-307. Available from: https://grasasyaceites.revistas.csic.es/index.php/grasasyaceites/article/view/1328

Issue

Section

Research