Physicochemical properties, phenolic acids and volatile compounds of oil extracted from dry alhydwan (<em>Boerhavia elegana Choisy</em>) seeds

A. Al-Farga; H. Zhang; A. Siddeeg; M. V.M. Chamba; Q. A. Nabil

doi:10.3989/gya.0944142

Authors

A. Al-Farga State key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University - Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ibb University
H. Zhang State key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University
A. Siddeeg State key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University - Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Gezira
M. V.M. Chamba State key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University - Department of Human Ecology, Domasi College of Education
Q. A. Nabil State key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0944142

Keywords:

Alhydwan, Boerhavia elegana Choisy, Novel food, Phenolic acids, Physicochemical properties, Volatile compounds

Abstract

In this study, the chemical composition, physicochemical properties, phenolic acids and volatile compounds of alhydwan (Boerhavia elegana Choisy) seed oil were evaluated. The crude oil content was 11.49%, ash 6.88%, moisture 6.12%, protein content 14.60%, total carbohydrate 24.77% and fiber 36.13%. The oil contain a high quantity of unsaturated fatty acids (74.63 mg·100 g⁻¹) with oleic (C18:1) (57.77%), palmitic (C16:0) (18.65%) and linoleic (C18:2) (12.88%) acids as the most abundant. The relative density was 0.88 and the iodine value 105.59. The color analysis showed a value of 28.33 Y+1.43 R. The oil also had a high relative oxidative stability. The tocol composition showed that α-tocotrienol, γ-tocopherol and γ-tocotrienol were in a higher concentration than the rest. Seven phenolic acids (caffeic, vanillic, galic, p-coumaric, ascorbic, cinnamic and ferulic) were detected, with ascorbic acid as the predominant one (5.44 mg·100 g⁻¹). In relation to the volatile composition, 48 compounds were found with Z-10-Pentadecen-1-ol (56.73%); Hexadecenoic acid, Z-11- (18.52%); 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (3.93%) and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester (3.04%) as the most abundant. These findings demonstrated the potential of alhydwan seeds to be used as a good source of quality edible oil.

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