Passion fruit seed oil: extraction and subsequent transesterification reaction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0442201Keywords:
Emulsifiers, Ethanol, Ethyl esters, Oil yield, UltrasoundAbstract
This work aims to remove the oil from passion fruit seeds using ethanol as solvent and then to carry out the transesterification of the product from the extraction step (oil + ethanol). The effects of operational variables in the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) were evaluated and traditional extraction was performed for comparison. The extraction product was directed to the reaction step using an enzymatic catalyst. UAE provided oil yield from 12.32 to 21.76%, and the maximum value (73.7% of the traditional extraction yield) was obtained at 60 °C and 50 min using a solvent-to-seed ratio of 4. Oil removal was favored by increases in the investigated variables. g-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol and a high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids were identified in the oils. The oil obtained by UAE presented higher phytosterol contents. From the reaction step, samples were obtained with higher concentrations of ethyl esters, in addition to emulsifiers (diglycerides and monoglycerides).
Downloads
References
Balachandran S, Kentish S, Mawson R, Ashokkumar, M. 2006. Ultrasonic enhancement of the supercritical extraction from ginger. Ultrason. Sonochem. 13, 471-479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2005.11.006 PMid:16423551
Baümler ER, Carrin ME, Carelli AA. 2016. Extraction of sunflower oil using ethanol as solvent. J. Food. Eng. 178, 190-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.01.020
Bitonto Luigi, Menegatti S, Pastore C. 2019. Process intensification for the production of the ethyl esters of volatile fatty acids using aluminium chloride hexahydrate as a catalyst. J. Clean. Prod. 239, 118122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118122
Chanioti S, Tzia C. 2018. Processing parameters on the extraction of olive pomace oiland its bioactive compounds: a kinetic and thermodynamic study. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 95, 371-382. https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12021
Chau CF, Huang YL. 2004. Characterization of passion fruit seed fibres: a potential fibre source. Food Chem. 85, 189-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.05.009
EMBRAPA - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, 2017. Retrieved from http://www. cnpmf.embrapa.br/Base_de_Dados/index_pdf/ dados/brasil/maracuja/b1_maracuja.pdf
Ferretti CA, Spotti ML, Di Cosimo, JI. 2018. Diglyceride-rich oils from glycerolysis of edible vegetable oils. Catal. Tod. 302, 233-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2017.04.008
Gonzalez SL, Sychoski MM, Navarro-Díaz HJ, Callejas N, Saibene M, Vieitez I, Jachmanián I, Silva C, Hense H, Oliveira JV. 2013. Continuous catalyst-free production of biodiesel through transesterification of soybean fried oil in supercritical methanol and ethanol. Energ. Fuel. 27, 5253-5259. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef400869y
Hartel RW, von Elbe JH, Hofberger R. 2018. Fats, oils and emulsifiers. In: Confectionery Science and Technology, Springer, Cham., pp.85-124. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61742-8_4
Kazemi M, Karim R, Mirhosseini H, Hamid AA. 2016. Optimization of pulsed ultrasonic-assisted technique for extraction of phenolics from pomegranate peel of Malas variety: punicalagin and hydroxybenzoic acids. Food Chem. 206, 156-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.017 PMid:27041311
Khoei M, Chekin F. 2016. The ultrasound-assisted aqueous extraction of rice bran oil. Food. Chem. 194, 503-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.068 PMid:26471585
Koubaa M, Mhemdi H, Barba FJ, Roohinejad S, Greiner R, Vorobiev E. 2016. Oilseed treatment by ultrasounds and microwaves to improve oil yield and quality: An overview. Food Res. Int. 85, 59-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2016.04.007 PMid:29544853
Lee SY, Fu SY, Chong GH. 2015. Ultrasound-assisted extraction kinetics, fatty acid profile, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of green solvents extracted passion fruit oil. Int. J. Food Sci. Tech. 50, 1831-1838. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.12844
Li T, Qu XY, Zhang QA, Wang ZZ. 2012. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and profile characteristics of seed oil from Isatis indigotica Fort. Ind. Crop. Prod. 35, 98-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.06.013
Liu S, Yang F, Zhang C, Ji H, Hong P, Deng C. 2009. Optimization of process parameters for supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of Passiflora seed oil by response surface methodology. J. Supercrit. Fluids 48, 9-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2008.09.013
Luque-García J, Luque de Castro M. 2003. Ultrasound: a powerful tool for leaching. Trac- Trend Anal. Chem. 22, 41-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-9936(03)00102-X
Mabayo VIF, Aranas JRC, Cagas VJB, Cagas DPA, Ido AL, Arazo RO. 2018. Optimization of oil yield from Hevea brasiliensis seeds through ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction via response surface methodology. Sustain. Environ. Res. 28, 39-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.serj.2017.08.001
Malacrida CR, Jorge N. 2012. Yellow passion fruit seed oil (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa): physical and chemical characteristics. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 55, 127-134. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132012000100016
Mello BTF, Garcia VAS, Silva C. 2015. Ultrasound- Assisted Extraction of Oil from Chia (Salvia hispânica L.) Seeds: Optimization Extraction and Fatty Acid Profile. J. Food Process Eng. 40, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.12298
Menezes ML, Johann G, Diório A, Pereira NC, Silva EA. 2018. Phenomenological determination of mass transfer parameters of oil extraction from grape biomass waste. J. Clean. Prod. 176, 130-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.128
Meziane S, Kadi H. 2008. Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Oil Extraction from Olive Cake. J. Am. Oil Chem.'Soc. 85, 391-396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-008-1205-2
Neto OZS, Batista EAC, Meirelles AJA. 2018. The employment of ethanol as solvent to extract Brazil nut oil. J. Clean. Prod. 180, 866-875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.149
Nicholson RA, Marangoni AG. 2019. Diglycerides. In: Melton L, Shahidi F, Varelis P, Encyclopedia of Food Chemistry 1, 70-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100596-5.22343-3
Oliveira CF, Giordani D, Lutckemier R, Gurak PD, Cladera-Oliveira F, Marczak LDF. 2016. Extraction of pectin from passion fruit peel assisted by ultrasound. LWT - Food Sci. Technol. 71, 110-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.03.027
Oliveira RC, Barros STD, Gimenes ML. 2013. The extraction of passion fruit oil with green solvents. J. Food Eng. 117, 458-463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.12.004
Oliveira RC, Guedes TA, Gimenes ML, Barros STD. 2014. Effect of process variables on the oil extraction from passion fruit seeds by conventional and non-conventional techniques. Acta Sci. Technol. 36, 87-91. https://doi.org/10.4025/15217
Pereira MG, Hamerski F, Andrade EF, Scheer AP, Corazza ML. 2017. Assessment of subcritical propane, ultrasound-assisted and Soxhlet extraction of oil from sweet passion fruit (Passiflora alata Curtis) seeds. J. Supercrit. Fluids 128, 338-348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2017.03.021
Pereira MG, Maciel GM, Haminiuk CWI, Bach F, Harmeski F, Scheer AP, Corazza ML. 2018. Effect of Extraction Process on Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Oil from Yellow Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis Var. Flavicarpa) Seeds. Waste Biomass Valori. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-018-0269-y
Perrier A, Delsart C, Bousseta N, Grimi N, Citeau M, Vorobiev E. 2017. Effect of ultrasound and green solvents addition on the oil extraction efficiency from rapeseed flakes. Ultrason. Sonochem. 39, 58-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.04.003 PMid:28732983
Piombo G, Barouh N, Barea B, Boulanger R, Brat P, Pina M, Villeneuve P. 2006. Characterization of the seed oils from kiwi (Actinidia chinensis), passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) and guava (Psidium guajava). OCL 13, 195-199. https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl.2006.0026
Plotka-Wasylka J, Rutkowska M, Owczarek K, Tobiszewski M, Namieśnik J. 2017. Extraction with environmentally friendly solvents. Trac- Trend Anal. Chem. 91, 12-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2017.03.006
Rodrigues GM, Mello BTF, Garcia VAS, Silva C. 2017. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of oil from macauba pulp using alcoholic solventes. J. Food Process Eng. 40, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.12530
Rosa ACS, Stevanato N, Iwassa I, Garcia VAS, Silva C. 2019. Obtaining oil from macauba kernels by ultrasound-assisted extraction using ethyl acetate as the solvent. Braz. J. Food Technol. 22, e2018195. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-6723.19518
Santana FC, Torres LRO, Shinagawa FB, Silva AMO, Yoshime LT, Melo ILP, Marcellini PS, Mancini- Filho J. 2017. Optimization of the antioxidant polyphenolic compounds extraction of yellow passion fruit seeds (Passiflora edulis Sims) by response surface methodology. Int. J. Food Sci. Tech. 54, 3552-3561. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-2813-3 PMid:29051650 PMCid:PMC5629164
Silva AC, Jorge N. 2014. Bioactive compounds of the lipid fractions of agro-industrial waste. Food Res. Int. 66, 493-500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2014.10.025
Silva AC, Jorge N. 2017. Bioactive compounds of oils extracted from fruits seeds obtained from agroindustrial waste. Eur. J. Lipid. Sci. Tech. 119, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201600024
Stamenković OS, Djalović IG, Kostić MD, Mitrović PM, Veljković VB. 2018. Optimization and kinetic modeling of oil extraction from white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seeds. Ind. Crop. Prod. 121, 132- 141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.05.001
Stevanato N, Silva C. 2019. Radish seed oil: Ultrasound-assisted extraction using ethanol as solvent and assessment of its potential for ester production. Ind. Crop. Prod. 132, 283-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.02.032
Toda TA, Sawada MM, Rodrigues CEC. 2016. Kinetics of soybean oil extraction using ethanol as solvent: Experimental data and modeling. Food Bioprod. Process. 98, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2015.12.003
Vinatoru M, Mason TJ, Calinescu I. 2017. Ultrasonically assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) of functional compounds from plant materials. Trac-Trend Anal. Chem. 97, 159- 178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2017.09.002
Xu G, Liang C, Huang P, Liu Q, Xu Y, Ding C, Li T. 2016. Optimization of rice lipid production from ultrasound-assisted extraction by response surface methodology. J. Cereal Sci. 70, 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2016.05.007
Zhong J, Wang Y, Yang R, Liu X, Yang Q, Qin X. 2018. The application of ultrasound and microwave to increase oil extraction from Moringa oleifera seeds. Ind. Crop. Prod. 120, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.04.028
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed.