Respuestas de la fisiología del fruto y de la calidad del aceite virgen al almacenamiento en frío de aceitunas ‘Arbequina’ de seto cosechadas mecánicamente

Autores/as

  • K. Yousfi Department of Agroforestry Sciences, College of Engineering, University of Huelva
  • C. M. Weiland Department of Agroforestry Sciences, College of Engineering, University of Huelva
  • J. M. García Department of Physiology and Technology of Plant Products. Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.063013

Palabras clave:

Ablandamiento del fruto, Color del fruto, Compuestos fenólicos, Etileno, Olea europea, Poscosecha de aceituna, Respiración, Tocoferoles

Resumen


El aumento de la producción de aceituna (Olea europaea L. cv. ‘Arbequina’), debido al uso creciente del cultivo superintensivo y la necesidad de un rápido procesamiento del fruto forzará a la industria a hacer una considerable inversión en maquinaria para el procesado, para mantener el nivel de calidad del aceite de oliva virgen (AOV). Este trabajo pretende estudiar cómo la temperatura de almacenamiento afecta a la fisiología de la aceituna y a la calidad del aceite, en orden de usar la conservación del fruto como una alternativa más barata y versátil al aumento de la capacidad de procesamiento. La aceituna ‘Arbequina’ no presentó síntomas de daños por frío durante 15 días de frigoconservación. La podredumbre, el desverdizado, el ablandamiento, la respiración y la producción de etileno de la aceituna aumentaron en relación directa a como aumentaba la temperatura de conservación. Estos hechos determinaron un deterioro proporcional de la acidez libre y de la calidad sensorial de los AOVs. Además, los contenidos de tocoferoles y de los principales grupos de compuestos fenólicos en los AOVs experimentaron una reducción durante la conservación del fruto en razón directa a la temperatura de almacenamiento utilizada. La frigoconservación a 2 °C preservó la integridad del fruto para mantener el nivel «Extra» de calidad durante un periodo de 12 días.

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Citas

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Publicado

2013-12-31

Cómo citar

1.
Yousfi K, Weiland CM, García JM. Respuestas de la fisiología del fruto y de la calidad del aceite virgen al almacenamiento en frío de aceitunas ‘Arbequina’ de seto cosechadas mecánicamente. Grasas aceites [Internet]. 31 de diciembre de 2013 [citado 22 de julio de 2024];64(5):572-8. Disponible en: https://grasasyaceites.revistas.csic.es/index.php/grasasyaceites/article/view/1464

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Investigación