Conversion of Oleum papaveris seminis oil into methyl esters via esterification process: Optimization and kinetic study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0496151Keywords:
Amberlite 120, Esterification, Kinetics, Oleum Papaveris Seminis Oil, Response Surface MethodologyAbstract
This paper presents an acid pre-treatment process and a kinetic study for the esterification reaction of Oleum papaveris seminis oil with methanol in the presence of amberlite 120 as a solid catalyst to convert the oil into methyl esters. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the reaction parameters, i.e. reaction time, percentage of the catalyst and volume ratio of methanol to oil. The results revealed that 0.87% w/w of catalyst concentration and 44.70% v/v of methanol to oil ratio provided final free fatty acid (FFA) contents of 0.60% w/w at 102.40 min of reaction time. It proved that the contribution of Amberlite 120 in the esterification of FFA was highly significant. The kinetics of the esterification in Oleum papaveris seminis oil with methanol in the presence of the amberlite 120 catalyst were also investigated to establish the reaction rate constant (k), reaction order, and activation energy. The study was performed under the optimized parameters at three reaction temperatures (50, 55, and 60 ºC). The value of k was in the range of 0.013 to 0.027 min-1. The first-order kinetics’ model was suitable for this irreversible FFA esterification with the activation energy of about 60.9 KJ·mol-1.
Downloads
References
Abdullah AZ, Razali N, Lee KT. 2009. Optimization of mesoporous K/SBA-15 catalyzed transesterification of palm oil using response surface methodology. Fuel Proc. Technol. 90, 958–964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.03.023
Aransiola EF, Ojumu TV, Oyekola OO, Madzimbamuto TF, Ikhu-Omoregbe DIO. 2014. A review of current technology for biodiesel production: State of the art. Biomass Bioenerg. 61, 276–297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.11.014
Azhari, Faiz M, Yunus R, Ghazi TIM, Yaw TCS. 2008. Reduction of free fatty acids in crude Jatropha curcas oil via an esterification process. Int. J. Eng. Technol. 5, 92–98.
Berrios M, Siles J, Mart.n MA, Mart.n A. 2007. A kinetic study of the esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) in sunflower oil. Fuel, 86, 2383–2388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2007.02.002
Chan KW, Tsai YT, Lin HM, Lee MJ. 2010. Esterification of adipic acid with methanol over Amberlyst 35. J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 41, 414–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2009.12.001
Ghadge SV, Raheman H. 2005. Biodiesel production from mahua (Madhuca indica) oil having high free fatty acids. Biomass Bioenerg. 28, 601–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2004.11.009
Halim SFA, Kamaruddin AH, Fernando WJN. 2009. Continuous biosynthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking palm oil in a packed bed reactor: Optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) and mass transfer studies. Bioresource Technol. 100, 710–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.07.031 PMid:18819793
Jeong GT, Yang HS, Park DH. 2009. Optimization of transesterification of animal fat ester using response surface methodology. Bioresource Technol. 100, 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.05.011 PMid:18572401
Jeong GT, Kim DH, Park DH. 2007. Response surface methodological approach for optimization of free fatty acid removal in feedstock. In: Mielenz J, Klasson KT, Adney W, McMillan J (Eds.) Applied Biochemistry and Biotecnology, Humana Press, pp. 583–593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-181-3_48 PMid:18478418
Kulkarni MG, Dalai AK. 2006. Waste cooking oil an economical source for biodiesel: A review. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 45, 2901–2913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie0510526
Lin S, Sue TT, Ai TY. 1995. PORIM test methods, in, Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
Lee KT, Matlina Mohtar A, Zainudin NF, Bhatia S, Mohamed AR. 2005. Optimum conditions for preparation of flue gas desulfurization absorbent from rice husk ash. Fuel, 84, 143–151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2004.08.018
Ma F, Hanna MA. 1999. Biodiesel production: a review. Bioresource Technol. 70, 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00025-5
Mason RL, Gunst RF, Hess JL. 1989. Statistics design and analysis of experiments: with applications to engineering and science, Wiley, New York.
Mohr SH, Wang J, Ellem G, Ward J, Giurco D. 2015. Projection of world fossil fuels by country. Fuel, 141, 120–135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.10.030
Myers RH, Montgomery DC. 2002. Response surface methodology: Process and process optimization using designed experiments, Wiley, New York.
Osorio-Viana W, Duque-Bernal M, Fontalvo J, Dobrosz-Gómez I, Gómez García M. 2013. Kinetic study on the catalytic esterification of acetic acid with isoamyl alcohol over Amberlite IR-120. Chem. Eng. Sci. 101, 755–763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2013.07.009
Park JY, Kim DK, Lee JS. 2010. Esterification of free fatty acids using water-tolerable Amberlyst as a heterogeneous catalyst. Bioresource Technol. 101, S62–S65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.035 PMid:19362818
Peters TA, Benes NE, Holmen A, Keurentjes JTF. 2006. Comparison of commercial solid acid catalysts for the esterification of acetic acid with butanol. Appl. Catal. A. Gen. 297, 182–188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2005.09.006
Pinzi S, Lopez-Gimenez FJ, Ruiz JJ, Dorado MP. 2010. Response surface modeling to predict biodiesel yield in a multi-feed stock biodiesel production plant. Bioresource Technol. 101, 9587–9593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.07.076 PMid:20699196
Radjiyev A, Qiu H, Xiong S, Nam K. 2015. Ergonomics and sustainable development in the past two decades (1992–2011): Research trends and how ergonomics can contribute to sustainable development. Appl. Ergono. 46, 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2014.07.006 PMid:25085643
Ramadhas AS, Jayaraj S, Muraleedharan, C. 2005. Biodiesel production from high FFA rubber seed oil. Fuel, 84, 335–340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2004.09.016
Rashid U, Anwar F, Ashraf M, Saleem M, Yusup S. 2011. Application of response surface methodology for optimizing transesterification of Moringa oleifera oil: Biodiesel production. Energ. Conver. Manag. 52, 3034–3042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2011.04.018
Silva GF, Camargo FL, Ferreira ALO. 2011. Application of response surface methodology for optimization of biodiesel production by transesterification of soybean oil with ethanol. Fuel Proc. Technol. 92, 407–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.10.002
Su CH. 2013. Kinetic study of free fatty acid esterification reaction catalyzed by recoverable and reusable hydrochloric acid. Bioresource Technol. 130, 522–528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.090 PMid:23334006
Tesser R, Di Serio M, Casale L, Sannino L, Ledda M, Santacesaria E. 2010. Acid exchange resins deactivation in the esterification of free fatty acids. Chem. Eng. J. 161, 212–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.04.026
Utama NA, Fathoni AM, Kristianto MA, McLellan BC. 2014. The end of fossil fuel era: Supply-demand measures through energy efficiency. Proc. Environ. Sci. 20, 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2014.03.007
Vicente G, Martínez M, Aracil J. 2007. Optimisation of integrated biodiesel production. Part I. A study of the biodiesel purity and yield. Bioresource Technol. 98, 1724–1733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.07.024 PMid:16934452
Wu J, Gao Y, Zhang W, Tan Y, Tang A, Men Y, Tang B. 2014. Esterification of cooking oil for biodiesel production using composites Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/ionic liquids catalysts. Appl. Petrochem. Res. 4, 305–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13203-014-0066-x
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the print and online versions of this journal are the property of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. You may read the basic information and the legal text of the licence. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 licence must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the final version of the work produced by the publisher, is not allowed.
