Influencia del contenido en grasa sobre las propiedades físico-químicas y sensoriales del “salchichón” Celta crudo-curado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0709142Palabras clave:
Ácidos grasos libres, Cerdo de raza Celta, Compuestos volátiles, Contenido en grasa, Embutidos crudo-curadosResumen
En este trabajo se estudia el efecto del contenido en grasa sobre las principales características del “salchichón”, un embutido crudo-curado tradicional español, elaborado con cerdo de raza Celta y con adición de 10, 20 y 30% de grasa dorsal. Las propiedades físico-químicas, color, textura y perfil de ácidos grasos libres se evaluaron a lo largo del proceso tras 0, 7, 21, 35 y 49 días de maduración, mientras que el estudio del perfil de compuestos volátiles y la evaluación sensorial se llevó a cabo únicamente en los productos finales. En general, la mayoría de los parámetros físico-químicos, de color y textura estudiados se vieron significativamente (P < 0,05) afectados por el nivel de grasa. Las reacciones lipolíticas también resultaron favorecidas con altos niveles de grasa que dan lugar a una mayor liberación de ácidos grasos libres. Los embutidos con 10% de grasa mostraron un contenido más elevado en compuestos volátiles, a pesar de no haber mostrado diferencias significativas en la intensidad de flavor. La evaluación sensorial también reflejó una preferencia por la textura de los embutidos con 30% de grasa. Este hecho nos lleva a concluir que, aunque la reducción de grasa mejoraría la calidad nutricional de los productos cárnicos crudo-curados, sería satisfactoria sólo si se lleva a cabo hasta cierto nivel. Por tanto, una formulación incluyendo 20% de grasa sería la más idónea para la elaboración de “salchichón” de cerdo de raza Celta.
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