Estudio de las condiciones para la producción de ésteres etílicos utilizando aceite de fritura desechado y catalizador KF/arcilla en un sistema continuo
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https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0322211Palabras clave:
Aceite de fritura desechado, Catalizador heterogéneo, Ésteres etílicosResumen
La transesterificación de aceite de fritura desechado (AFD) con etanol presurizado se llevó a cabo en un reactor continuo que contenía KF/arcilla como catalizador heterogéneo. En los experimentos, se evaluaron diferentes relaciones de cantidad de aceite:etanol a 275 y 300 ºC y 20 MPa. En la secuencia, se evaluó la estabilidad operativa del catalizador durante 8 horas, así como la conducta de la reacción en dos pasos (prueba de catalizador nuevo y reciclado). Se logró un rendimiento de ésteres de ~ 90% a 275 ºC, 15 min y una relación de aceite:etanol de 1:1,5. En estas condiciones, el catalizador proporcionó un rendimiento estable en las primeras 3 horas de funcionamiento y una disminución total del 29% después de 8 horas. Este resultado se puede atribuir principalmente a la lixiviación de los cationes K+ para las reacciones en las que el catalizador estuvo expuesto durante las condiciones de funcionamiento. La reacción de dos pasos permitió aumentar la conversión de AFD a ésteres, con baja descomposición térmica.
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