Obtención de hidrolizado de aceite de macauba y su aplicación en la producción de ésteres metílicos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0453211Palabras clave:
Aceite de macauba, Catálisis enzimática, Ésteres metílicos, Esterificación, HidrólisisResumen
Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo obtener un hidrolizado rico en ácidos grasos libres (AGL) a partir de la hidrólisis del aceite de frutos de macauba, para su posterior esterificación y obtención de ésteres metílicos. Para determinar las condiciones que maximizan el rendimiento de AGL en la etapa de hidrólisis, se determinaron los efectos del porcentaje de solución amortiguadora y la concentración de catalizador (Lipozyme® RM IM) a 55 ºC y 6 h. De los resultados se verificó que ambas variables, en el rango experimental evaluado, tienen influencia en la reacción y su incremento favorece la producción de AGL. Se llevaron a cabo experimentos adicionales para evaluar la influencia del tiempo de reacción, observándose un aumento progresivo hasta las 8 h. Se obtuvo un hidrolizado con ~92 % en peso de FFA y su uso en el paso de esterificación enzimática, usando Novozym® 435 como catalizador, resultó en ~95 % de conversión de FFA. Al investigar la reutilización de enzimas, en cada etapa, se encontró una reducción de ~50 % en el rendimiento de FFA y solo un 98 % en la conversión de FFA.
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