Physico-chemical attributes of seed oil from drought stressed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.021009Keywords:
Sunflower, Drought, Growth stages, Seed oil, Fatty acids, TocopherolsAbstract
The effects of water deficit conditions on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of sunflower seed and seed oils were assessed. Two sunflower cultivars (Gulshan-98 and Suncross) were sown in the field. The water stress treatment was applied at the vegetative or the reproductive stage. Analysis of the sunflower seed showed that the oil content decreased (a decline of 10.52% relative to the control) significantly (p ≤ 0.05) due to water stress when imposed at either of the growth stages. Both of the sunflower cultivars studied showed differential responses to water stress with respect to oil oleic and linoleic acid contents. A significant negative correlation in oil oleic and linoleic acid was observed in cv. Gulshan-98 under water deficit conditions as compared to Suncross in which no such effect of water stress on oleic and linoleic acid was observed. Water deficit conditions caused a reduction in linolenic acid in Gulshan-98, whereas it remained unaffected in Suncross. The stearic acid content increased in cv. Gulshan-98 due to drought, whereas no effect due to water stress was observed on oil palmitic acid content in either sunflower cultivar. Overall, oil unsaturated fatty acids remained unchanged in the drought stressed or normally irrigated plants of both cultivars but saturated fatty acid increased in Gulshan-98. Individual (α, γ, and δ) and total tocopherol contents in the seed oil increased significantly with the application of water stress in both cultivars. An assessment of the physical and chemical characteristics of the oils of both sunflower cultivars revealed that drought stress caused a marked increase in the content of un-saponifiable matter (18.75% with respect to the control) and a decrease in iodine value (5.87% with respect to the control), but saponifcation value, density, specific gravity and refractive index remained unchanged.
Downloads
References
American Oil Chemist’s Society (AOCS). 1997. Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil Chemists Society, 5th Ed., AOCS Press, Champaign, IL, USA.
Anwar F, Zafar SN, Rashid U. 2006. Characterization of Moringa oleifera seed oil from drought and irrigated regions of Punjab, Pakistan. Grasas Aceites 57, 160- 168. doi:10.3989/gya.2006.v57.i2.32
Baldini M, Giovanardi R, Vannozzi GP. 2000. Effects of different water availability on fatty acid composition of the oil in standard and high oleic sunflower hybrids, in Proceedings of 15th International Sunflower Conference, A.79-A.84. Toulouse, France, 12-15 June.
Baldini M, Giovanardi R, Tahmasebi-Enferadi S, Vannozzi GP. 2002. Effects of water regimes on fatty acid accumulation and final fatty acid composition in the oil of standard and high oleic sunflower hybrids. Ital. J. Agron. 6, 119-126.
Baydar H, Erbas S. 2005. Influence of seed development and seed position on oil, fatty acids and total tocopherol contents in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Turk. J. Agric. Forest. 9, 179-186.
Connor DJ, Sadras VO. 1992. Physiology of yield expression in sunflower. Field Crops Res. 30, 333- 389. doi:10.1016/0378-4290(92)90006-U
Demurin Y, Skoric D, Karlovic D. 1996. Genetic variability of tocopherol composition in sunflower seeds as a basis of breeding for improved oil quality. Plant Breeding 115, 33-36. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1996.tb00867.x
Dewis J, Freitas F. 1970. Physical methods of soil and water analysis. FAO Soil Bull. No. 10, Rome, 39-51.
Flagella Z, Rotunno T, Caterina RD, Simone GD, Caro AD. 2000. Effect of supplementary irrigation on seed yield and oil quality of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grown in a sub-arid environment, in: Proceedings of XV International Sunflower Conference, 139-144, 1, Toulouse.
Flagella Z, Rotunno T, Tarantito E, Caterina RD, Caro AD. 2002. Changes in seed yield and oil fatty acid composition of high oleic sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids in relation to the sowing date and the water regime. Eur. J. Agron. 17, 221-230. doi:10.1016/S1161-0301(02)00012-6
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 1987. Standard Methods for the Analysis of Oils, Fats and Derivatives, 7th Rev. Ed., Paquot C. Hautfenne A. Eds., Blackwell Scientific, London, UK.
Kefale D, Ranamukhaarachchi SL. 2006. Response of maize varieties to drought stress at different phenological stages in Ethiopia.Tropical Sci. 44, 61-66. doi:10.1002/ts.136
Lagravere T, Lacombe S, Surel O, Kleiber D, Berville A, Dayde J. 2000. Oil composition and accumulation of fatty acids in new oleic sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids. in: Proceedings of XV International Sunflower Conference, A25-30, Toulouse.
Lee BI, New AL, Ong CN. 2003. Simultaneous determination of tocotrienols, tocopherols, retinols and major carotenoids in human plasma. Clin. Chem. 49, 2056-2066. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2003.022681, PMid:14633878
Li-Ping B, Fang-Gong S, Ti-Da G, Zhao-Hui S, Yin-Yan L, Guang-Sheng Z. 2006. Effect of soil drought stress on leaf water status, membrane permeability and enzymatic antioxidant system of Maize. Pedosphere 16, 326-332. doi:10.1016/S1002-0160(06)60059-3
Monotti M. 2003. Growing non-food sunflower in dryland conditions. Ital. J. Agron. 8, 3-8.
MSTAT Development Team. MSTAT user’s guide: 1989. A microcomputer program for the design management and analysis of agronomic research experiments, Michigan State Univ. East Lansing, IL.
Nam N H, Chauhan YS, Johansen C. 2001. Effect of timing of drought stress on growth and grain yield of extra-short-duration pigeon pea lines. J. Agric. Sci. 136, 179-189. doi:10.1017/S0021859601008607
Nel AA. 2001. Determination of sunflower seed quality for processing, Ph.D Thesis. Dept. of Plant Production and Soil Sciences. University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, pp. 40-56.
Prairie Recommending Committee for Oilseeds, “Minimum Standards for Linseed Flax Cultivar Registration 2007”, pp. 47 of the Report of Flax Cooperative Test 2007.
Salera E, Baldini M. 1998. Performance of high and low oleic acid hybrids of sunflower under different environmental conditions. Note II Helia 21. 28, 55-68.
Santonoceto C, Anastasi A, Riggu U, Abbate EV. 2003. Accumulation dynamics of dry matter, oil and major fatty acids in sunflower seeds in relation to genotype and water regime. Ital. J. Agron. 7, 3-14.
Slover HT. 1970. Tocopherols in foods and fats. Lipids 6, 291-296. doi:10.1007/BF02531818 PMid:AMBIGUOUS 5088973,4938142
Sobrino E, Tarquis AM, Diaz MC. 2003. Modeling the oleic acid content in sunflower oil. Agron. J. 95, 329- 334.
Steel RGD, Torrie JH. 1986. Principles and procedures of statistics. McGraw Hill Book Co., Inc. New York, NY.
Talha M, Osman F. 1975. Effect of soil water stress on water economy and oil composition in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). J. Agric. Sci. 84, 49-56. doi:10.1017/S0021859600071860
Unger PW. 1982. Time and frequency of irrigation effects on sunflower production and water use. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 46, 1072-1076.
Vermeersch G. 1996. Industrial uses of sunflower oil. OCL. I, 19-21.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2009 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
© CSIC. Manuscripts published in both the print and online versions of this journal are the property of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.
All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. You may read the basic information and the legal text of the licence. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 licence must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the final version of the work produced by the publisher, is not allowed.