Aceites de semillas de thumba (Citrullus colocynthis L.): una reserva potencial para biolubricantes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0576141Palabras clave:
Aceite de semilla de Thumba, Epoxidación, Polioles, Propiedades de los lubricantesResumen
Las semillas de thumba producen un aceite de escasa importancia que ha sido explotado como base para la preparación de biolubricantes. Los diferentes derivados de thumba preparados fueron: éteres epoxi (ETO), éteres ramificados, éster de 2-etilhexilo (T2-ETHE), y los ésteres de poliol:, neopentil glicol (TNPGE), trimetilolpropano (TTMPE) y pentaeritritol (TPEE). Todas las bases se caracterizaron en su totalidad utilizando técnicas espectrales. Cuando se evaluaron las propiedades del lubricante, ETO mostró una viscosidad mucho más alta (216,9 cSt), buena estabilidad a la oxidación (RBOT Método, ASTM D 2272) (20 min) y buena carga (239 ASTM IP) (180 kg) en comparación con el comportamiento de los ésteres de poliol y los ramificados. Los ésteres de poliol, T2-EEl, TNPGE y TTMPE (−9 a −18 °C) mostraron bajos puntos de fluidez en comparación con ETO y TPE. Las estabilidades térmicas (análisis termogravimétrico, TGA) de ETO y TPE (425 °C) fueron más altos en comparación con las otras bases. Las propiedades lubricantes de ETO coinciden bien con las especificaciones de los lubricantes, ISO VG 220 y Grado Aeronautica 100, mientras que los ésteres de poliol pueden aprovecharse bien para aplicaciones en fluidos hidráulicos y trabajos de metal.
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