La suplementación de ratas hembras con DHA-lisofosfatidilcolina aumenta el contenido de ácido docosahexaenoico y de acetilcolina cerebral y mejora la capacidad de aprendizaje y de memorización de las crías
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.053709Palabras clave:
Acetilcolina cerebral, Colina, Lisofosfolípidos, Suplementación con DHA, Test de SkinnerResumen
El ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA) que requiere el feto y el recién nacido lo aporta la madre desde sus reservas y la dieta, por lo cual se sugiere suplementar a la madre con DHA. No hay consenso sobre la mejor forma de suplementación. Proponemos que un lisofosfolípido que contiene DHA y colina (DHA-LPC) obtenido de huevos con alto contenido de DHA es adecuado para suplementar DHA y colina, precursora de la acetilcolina. Se evaluó la efectividad de DHA-LPC para incrementar el DHA y la acetilcolina cerebral de crías de ratas suplementadas con DHA-LPC antes y durante la gestación, y en la capacidad de aprendizaje y memorización de las crías mediante el test de condicionamiento operante de Skinner. Ratas Wistar hembras fueron suplementadas con DHA-LPC (8 mg DHA/kg/día) 40 días antes y durante la preñez. Después del parto se analizó DHA en plasma, eritrocitos, hígado y tejido adiposo, y colina plasmática. A las crías de 60 días se les separó: corteza frontal, cerebelo, striatum, hipocampo y corteza occipital y se les analizó DHA, acetilcolina y la actividad de acetilcolina transferasa (CAT). Las crías fueron sometidas al test de Skinner. La suplementación con DHA-LPC aumenta la colina plasmática y el DHA hepático en las madres y el DHA y la acetilcolina del cerebelo e hipocampo en las crías. La actividad CAT no se modifica. Las crías de madres suplementadas con DHA-LPC mostraron puntajes de memorización y aprendizaje superior que las controles. Conclusión: el aporte de DHA y colina como DHA-LPC puede constituir una nueva forma para proveer suplementación prenatal con DHA.
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